Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Table 13.16 Source of treatment of STIsPercentage of women and men who had an STI and/or associated symptoms in the 12 months preceding thesurvey, by source of treatment or advice and STI/associated symptom, Zambia 2001-2002––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––1Source of treatment of STI––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Advice or NumberClinic/ Advice treatment of women/hospital/ Tradi- from from No menprivate tional Shop/ friends/ any advice or with anSymptom doctor healer pharmacy relatives source treatment STI 2–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––WOMEN–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––STI 80.9 24.1 17.6 20.3 93.0 7.0 184Genital discharge 52.1 17.2 16.7 22.7 69.5 29.9 186Genital sore/ulcer 49.8 17.3 15.0 17.2 66.0 33.1 255Total 51.2 17.5 13.2 17.1 66.5 32.9 398–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––MEN–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––STI 68.5 34.7 35.4 47.0 81.4 18.6 92Genital discharge 52.4 32.7 38.5 49.0 71.6 28.4 82Genital sore/ulcer 48.5 33.5 36.2 41.2 69.2 30.8 101Total 51.3 29.6 33.3 42.4 69.7 30.3 156–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––1Respondents were able to report more than one source of treatment .2Includes women reporting having had an STI or genital discharge, ulcer or sore in the preceding 12 months.Respondents who reported having an STI in the past 12 months were also asked whether they informedtheir sexual partner(s). Table 13.17 shows that 72 percent of the women and 58 percent of themen did, while 22 percent of the women and 32 percent of the men did not. The data show that whenwomen report that they had an STI (as opposed to having STI-like symptoms), a higher percentage(91 percent) inform their sexual partners compared with those who had various STI symptoms (71 percentand 75 percent, respectively). A much lower proportion of men who report having had an STI in the past12 months inform their partners (63 percent).Table 13.17 Efforts to protect partners from infection among women and men with STIPercent distribution of women and men who had an STI and/or associated symptoms in the 12 months preceding the surveyby whether they informed partner(s) of their condition, and percentage who took specific actions to protect partner(s)from infection, according to STI/associated symptom, Zambia 2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Informed partner(s) Action taken to protect partner(s) Number––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– of women/No Stopped Used Partner menSome, partner/ having con- Used Any No already with anSymptom Yes not all No missing Total sex doms medicine action action infected STI–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––WOMEN–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––STI 90.5 0.0 6.0 3.4 100.0 35.5 13.9 47.3 53.7 12.6 30.3 184Genital discharge 70.8 0.5 24.1 4.6 100.0 34.9 13.4 35.1 47.7 27.4 18.4 186Genital sore/ulcer 74.6 0.4 20.3 4.7 100.0 29.7 12.9 31.6 43.8 31.1 19.6 255Total 72.3 0.3 21.6 5.9 100.0 32.0 11.2 33.8 45.7 29.1 18.1 398–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––MEN–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––STI 63.1 2.9 27.5 6.5 100.0 45.7 21.1 47.6 58.9 31.6 2.7 92Genital discharge 60.7 1.6 33.0 4.7 100.0 41.0 20.2 41.0 56.5 32.7 5.9 82Genital sore/ulcer 59.5 2.6 31.3 6.6 100.0 33.4 19.8 41.7 52.3 37.4 2.6 101Total 58.0 2.5 32.1 7.4 100.0 37.3 19.1 43.8 56.9 31.7 3.4 156The respondents were further asked what action they took to protect their partner(s) when theyhad an STI. Thirty-seven percent of men reported that they stopped having sex, 19 percent used condoms,44 percent used medicine. On the other hand, 32 percent of women stopped having sex, 11 percent218 | AIDS/HIV/STI-Related Knowledge and Behaviour
used condoms, 34 percent took medicine. About one in three women (29 percent) and men (32 percent)took no action to protect their partner.13.11 SEXUAL BEHAVIOURThe sexual behaviour of an individual greatly affects the chances of getting infected with an STI.In this section, two aspects of sexual behaviour are studied: number of sexual partners and use of condomsfor STI prevention.13.11.1 Number of Sexual PartnersInformation on sexual behaviour is important in designing and monitoring intervention programmesto control the spread of STIs. The 2001-2002 ZDHS included questions on the respondents’ lastthree sexual partners in the 12 months preceding the survey. Two types of partners are recognised: thosewho are cohabiting with the respondent (mostly spouses) and those who are not cohabiting with the respondentat the time of the last sexual encounter. Information on use of condoms at last sexual encounterwith each of these partner types was also collected.Table 13.18 shows that 98 percent of married women and 81 percent of men say they had nosexual partner other than their spouse or cohabiting partner in the 12 months preceding the survey. Twopercent of married women say they only had one partner other than their spouse or cohabiting partner, andalmost none had two or more partners. Differences among women by background characteristics are negligible.Table 13.18 Number of extramarital sexual partners: married women and menPercent distribution of currently married women and men by number of persons (excluding spouses or cohabiting partners)they had sexual intercourse with in the 12 months preceding the survey, according to background characteristics, Zambia2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––WomenMen–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Number Don't NumberBackground of know/ ofcharacteristic 0 1 2+ Total women 0 1 2+ missing Total men–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Age15-19 97.2 2.8 0.0 100.0 438 86.9 13.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 720-24 97.8 2.1 0.1 100.0 1,086 68.0 23.8 8.2 0.0 100.0 9125-29 98.4 1.5 0.2 100.0 1,056 77.3 18.1 4.2 0.3 100.0 27230-39 98.7 1.2 0.1 100.0 1,347 79.5 16.8 3.5 0.2 100.0 45540-49 98.4 1.5 0.1 100.0 767 83.6 11.7 4.7 0.0 100.0 26450-59 na na na na na 92.0 6.5 1.5 0.0 100.0 160ResidenceUrban 97.7 2.0 0.2 100.0 1,662 76.9 16.5 6.5 0.0 100.0 443Rural 98.5 1.5 0.0 100.0 3,032 82.8 14.4 2.6 0.2 100.0 805ProvinceCentral 99.3 0.7 0.0 100.0 346 83.2 14.6 2.2 0.0 100.0 82Copperbelt 98.1 1.7 0.2 100.0 871 85.0 13.6 1.4 0.0 100.0 235Eastern 99.4 0.6 0.0 100.0 644 81.8 15.3 2.8 0.0 100.0 184Luapula 99.3 0.5 0.2 100.0 399 91.1 6.5 2.4 0.0 100.0 113Lusaka 97.6 2.4 0.0 100.0 640 72.7 15.9 11.4 0.0 100.0 173Northern 98.8 1.0 0.0 100.0 678 92.0 7.0 0.0 1.0 100.0 178North-Western 99.1 0.7 0.2 100.0 215 78.4 18.7 3.0 0.0 100.0 52Southern 96.8 3.0 0.2 100.0 532 70.1 24.4 5.5 0.0 100.0 144Western 95.9 3.9 0.3 100.0 369 62.5 28.7 8.7 0.0 100.0 86EducationNo education 99.1 0.9 0.0 100.0 663 80.5 15.8 3.7 0.0 100.0 73Primary 98.0 1.9 0.1 100.0 2,905 81.9 15.0 3.1 0.0 100.0 642Secondary 98.1 1.6 0.3 100.0 1,006 77.7 16.4 5.4 0.4 100.0 431Higher 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 120 86.0 10.1 3.9 0.0 100.0 102Total 98.2 1.7 0.1 100.0 4,694 80.7 15.2 4.0 0.1 100.0 1,248–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––na = Not applicableAIDS/HIV/STI-Related Knowledge and Behaviour | 219
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
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FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
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As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
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Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
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Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
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Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
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The median birth interval is 33 mon
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4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
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FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
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Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
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Seventy percent of currently marrie
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
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The pattern is slightly different f
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5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
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Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
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Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
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Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
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Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
Page 187 and 188: tamination after cleaning, the nipp
Page 189 and 190: 11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
Page 191 and 192: Few children under two years of age
Page 193 and 194: Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
Page 195 and 196: 11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
Page 197 and 198: 11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
Page 199 and 200: 11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
Page 201 and 202: Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
Page 203 and 204: Table 11.12 indicates that children
Page 205 and 206: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
Page 207 and 208: Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
Page 209 and 210: Results show that almost eight out
Page 211 and 212: Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
Page 213 and 214: More than four out of ten never-mar
Page 215 and 216: AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
Page 217 and 218: Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
Page 219 and 220: Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
Page 221 and 222: Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
Page 223 and 224: The view that HIV status of a famil
Page 225 and 226: Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
Page 227 and 228: Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
Page 229 and 230: Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
Page 231 and 232: Men in sales and services and skill
Page 233 and 234: Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
Page 235 and 236: Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
Page 237: The peak age for having STI symptom
Page 241 and 242: The practice of having multiple par
Page 243 and 244: Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
Page 245 and 246: PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
Page 247 and 248: 14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
Page 249 and 250: 14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
Page 251 and 252: 14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
Page 253 and 254: Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
Page 255 and 256: The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
Page 259 and 260: Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
Page 261 and 262: ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
Page 263 and 264: Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
Page 265 and 266: While again not definitive, the res
Page 267 and 268: 124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
Page 269 and 270: SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
Page 271 and 272: Table A.2. Expected number of selec
Page 273 and 274: Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
Page 275 and 276: Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
Page 277 and 278: where h represents the stratum whic
Page 279 and 280: Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
Page 287 and 288: Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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