Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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13.9 REPORTS OF RECENT SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONSDuring the survey, women and men who had ever had sex were asked whether they had an STI in12 months prior to the survey. Table 13.15 shows the percentage of men and women who have ever hadsex who had an STI and associated symptoms. The data show that overall, 6 percent of women and8 percent of men reported that they had either an STI or one of the STI symptoms in the past 12 months.Three percent of women and 5 percent of men reported having had an STI; 3 percent of women and 4percent of men reported having had a genital discharge, and 4 percent of women and 5 percent of menreported having had a genital sore or ulcer. Women in urban areas, those living in Lusaka, Southern, andWestern provinces, and women with secondary or higher education are more likely to report having hadan STI or STI symptoms. There are also variations in the reporting of STIs among men. Men in urbanareas, Copperbelt, Lusaka, and Southern and those with less than higher education are slightly more likelyto report an STI or STI symptoms than other men (Figure 13.2).Table 13.15 Self-reporting of sexually transmitted infections and STI symptomsAmong women and men who ever had sex, percentage who report having an STI and/or associated symptoms in the 12months preceding the survey, by background characteristics, Zambia 2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Percentage of women with:Percentage of men with:–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––An STI/An STI/Genital discharge/ Number Genital discharge/ NumberBackground Genital sore/ genital of Genital sore/ genital ofcharacteristic An STI discharge ulcer sore/ulcer women An STI discharge ulcer sore/ulcer men–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Age15-19 1.8 3.2 3.8 5.8 1,038 2.1 3.6 3.4 5.6 29120-24 3.6 3.1 4.7 7.5 1,567 8.2 8.2 7.1 12.3 31925-29 4.0 2.6 5.1 7.2 1,346 6.5 5.3 8.4 10.6 35630-39 2.3 2.9 3.1 5.4 1,732 5.2 4.4 6.1 9.5 52040-49 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.8 1,069 3.4 1.4 2.1 4.2 28650-59 na na na na na 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 171ResidenceUrban 3.5 3.1 4.7 7.2 2,621 7.3 7.2 7.2 10.9 793Rural 2.2 2.5 3.2 5.1 4,130 3.0 2.2 3.8 6.0 1,150ProvinceCentral 1.7 2.4 4.2 6.1 494 3.6 3.2 3.2 5.7 148Copperbelt 2.5 2.1 5.1 6.4 1,301 6.1 5.3 6.1 8.9 415Eastern 1.2 1.5 1.6 3.2 841 2.1 3.8 3.0 6.0 246Luapula 1.5 0.9 1.5 2.2 534 3.7 2.5 3.1 5.5 149Lusaka 4.6 4.3 5.4 8.6 997 5.9 8.2 8.6 12.3 289Northern 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.8 896 2.5 3.2 4.6 6.8 250North-Western 2.0 1.2 1.2 2.7 324 3.3 1.4 1.4 3.3 83Southern 4.4 4.4 5.2 8.6 737 8.7 2.7 6.0 10.4 207Western 4.5 5.7 5.2 9.9 628 4.1 2.8 5.5 6.9 156EducationNo education 1.4 2.0 2.1 3.3 875 2.7 4.9 5.6 8.3 97Primary 2.8 2.8 3.9 6.0 3,989 4.9 4.3 5.8 7.9 975Secondary 3.0 3.1 4.3 7.0 1,679 5.1 4.6 5.0 8.7 745Higher 3.9 3.4 4.1 6.4 208 3.0 1.3 1.4 4.0 126Total 2.7 2.8 3.8 5.9 6,751 4.7 4.2 5.2 8.0 1,943–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––na = Not applicable216 | AIDS/HIV/STI-Related Knowledge and Behaviour
The peak age for having STI symptoms is 20-24 for both women and men. After this peak, thepercentage declines with age for both women and men.Figure 13.2 Percentage of Men and Women with an STI,Discharge, Genital Sore, or UlcerTotal68No educationPrimarySecondaryHigher34667889PercentWomenMenZDHS 2001-2002A sub-sample of the 2001-2002 eligible respondents was tested for syphilis. For more informationon syphilis prevalence, see Chapter 14.13.10 TREATMENT SEEKING AND PROTECTION OF A PARTNER FROM STISRespondents who reported having an STI infection or an STI symptom in the 12 months precedingthe survey were asked whether they sought advice or treatment. Table 13.16 shows that amongwomen and men who reported having an STI in the last 12 months, more than half (51 percent) soughttreatment or advice from a clinic, hospital or private doctor. Men are more than twice as likely as womento seek advice from friends or relatives or from a shop or pharmacy when they have an STI. About twothirdsof women and men sought advice or treatment from some source. Compared with women, menreporting STIs are much less likely to seek care from a clinic and more likely to seek advice or treatmentfrom a traditional practitioner, shop, or friends.AIDS/HIV/STI-Related Knowledge and Behaviour | 217
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
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FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
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As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
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Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
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Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
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Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
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The median birth interval is 33 mon
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4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
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FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
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Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
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Seventy percent of currently marrie
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
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The pattern is slightly different f
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5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
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Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
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Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
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Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
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Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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Page 187 and 188: tamination after cleaning, the nipp
Page 189 and 190: 11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
Page 191 and 192: Few children under two years of age
Page 193 and 194: Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
Page 195 and 196: 11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
Page 197 and 198: 11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
Page 199 and 200: 11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
Page 201 and 202: Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
Page 203 and 204: Table 11.12 indicates that children
Page 205 and 206: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
Page 207 and 208: Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
Page 209 and 210: Results show that almost eight out
Page 211 and 212: Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
Page 213 and 214: More than four out of ten never-mar
Page 215 and 216: AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
Page 217 and 218: Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
Page 219 and 220: Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
Page 221 and 222: Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
Page 223 and 224: The view that HIV status of a famil
Page 225 and 226: Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
Page 227 and 228: Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
Page 229 and 230: Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
Page 231 and 232: Men in sales and services and skill
Page 233 and 234: Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
Page 235: Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
Page 239 and 240: used condoms, 34 percent took medic
Page 241 and 242: The practice of having multiple par
Page 243 and 244: Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
Page 245 and 246: PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
Page 247 and 248: 14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
Page 249 and 250: 14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
Page 251 and 252: 14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
Page 253 and 254: Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
Page 255 and 256: The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
Page 259 and 260: Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
Page 261 and 262: ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
Page 263 and 264: Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
Page 265 and 266: While again not definitive, the res
Page 267 and 268: 124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
Page 269 and 270: SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
Page 271 and 272: Table A.2. Expected number of selec
Page 273 and 274: Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
Page 275 and 276: Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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Page 279 and 280: Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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