Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Table 13.4 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS-related issuesPercentage of women and men who gave specific responses to questions on various HIV/AIDS-related issues, according to backgroundcharacteristics, Zambia 2001-2002––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Percentage of women who:Percentage of men who:–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Say Know Say Knowa healthy- Know HIV can be trans- someone a healthy- Know HIV can be trans- someonelooking mitted from mother to child personally looking mitted from mother to child personallyperson ––––––––––––––––––––– who has person ––––––––––––––––––––– who hascan have Through AIDS or Number can have Through AIDS or NumberBackground the During During breast- has died of the During During breast- has died ofcharacteristic AIDS virus delivery pregnancy feeding of AIDS women AIDS virus delivery pregnancy feeding of AIDS men––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Age15-19 69.1 53.1 68.1 58.8 68.9 1,811 65.6 47.2 62.1 49.1 62.1 45920-24 79.4 65.1 78.7 71.7 79.3 1,664 82.8 63.9 80.8 67.2 69.6 34625-29 80.8 67.7 81.0 73.3 81.2 1,376 84.8 67.4 81.5 69.5 78.5 36130-39 81.1 71.2 83.5 77.1 82.9 1,738 83.3 69.1 84.3 69.0 83.1 52340-49 75.8 72.0 84.3 75.6 85.9 1,069 82.9 73.7 82.4 70.8 80.7 28750-59 na na na na na na 78.6 70.8 86.4 70.3 87.1 171Marital statusNever married 71.7 54.7 69.3 59.2 70.1 1,897 73.4 54.2 69.3 56.8 66.5 782Ever had sex 75.2 59.7 72.1 65.7 74.2 990 77.0 57.0 72.9 59.2 70.4 579Never had sex 67.8 49.4 66.1 52.2 65.6 907 63.3 46.1 59.0 49.9 55.3 202Married or living together 78.7 68.5 81.0 74.7 82.3 4,694 82.7 69.9 83.5 69.4 81.5 1,248Divorced/separated/widowed 79.7 68.5 83.8 73.7 80.0 1,067 81.0 67.7 85.5 70.6 74.3 116ResidenceUrban 86.9 65.8 81.1 73.1 82.1 3,073 86.7 65.1 80.0 59.7 79.0 851Rural 70.5 64.7 76.7 69.1 76.8 4,585 74.3 63.4 77.4 68.3 73.5 1,294ProvinceCentral 82.7 60.3 80.4 70.5 75.3 562 89.9 68.8 81.5 70.7 80.1 165Copperbelt 85.0 65.2 83.5 72.2 80.8 1,544 86.1 69.9 83.5 63.2 82.0 447Eastern 80.9 65.8 75.7 74.5 80.4 926 84.8 69.9 74.6 70.7 84.8 268Luapula 76.4 70.4 81.6 74.4 86.7 622 70.7 48.1 81.8 63.0 79.0 166Lusaka 90.7 65.7 77.6 74.6 85.6 1,132 88.7 49.0 69.0 48.5 74.5 314Northern 67.6 65.0 74.3 61.7 83.7 1,040 69.7 78.0 90.2 75.5 90.5 292North-Western 74.7 78.7 84.7 83.5 84.9 354 73.9 71.0 80.7 72.7 77.3 93Southern 70.6 62.5 81.2 70.9 67.2 814 71.2 49.8 69.8 59.0 56.6 232Western 50.1 58.0 67.7 59.3 60.6 663 63.1 70.1 72.6 72.0 38.9 169EducationNo education 59.8 57.0 67.5 63.0 71.4 925 61.7 51.5 61.9 58.2 61.3 108Primary 74.1 64.3 79.2 71.6 78.8 4,439 71.6 60.0 74.4 63.1 72.1 1,100Secondary 88.9 68.4 82.8 71.5 81.3 2,061 89.1 68.7 85.5 67.0 79.9 808Higher 97.2 82.8 71.1 77.6 90.7 234 97.8 80.2 82.1 72.2 92.1 129Total 77.1 65.1 78.5 70.7 78.9 7,658 79.2 64.1 78.4 64.9 75.7 2,145––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––na = Not applicable13.4 PERCEPTION OF HIV/AIDS13.4.1 Discussion of HIV/AIDS with PartnersDiscussion of HIV/AIDS with a spouse or partner is important in preventing HIV infection of eitheror both members of a couple. Currently married respondents and those living with a partner wereasked whether they had ever discussed HIV/AIDS prevention with their partners.Table 13.5 shows that 68 percent of women and 87 percent of men report ever having discussedHIV/AIDS prevention with their partners. The proportion of women who reported having discussedHIV\AIDS prevention with their partners varies with age, residence and level of education. Older women,those residing in urban areas and more educated women and men are more likely to discuss AIDS preventionwith their partners.200 | AIDS/HIV/STI-Related Knowledge and Behaviour
Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS with partnerPercent distribution of currently married women and men by whether they ever discussed HIV/AIDS prevention with theirspouse/partner, according to background characteristics, Zambia 2001-2002––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––WomenMen––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Ever Never Has not Ever Never Has notdiscussed discussed Don't heard Number discussed discussed Don't heard NumberBackground HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS know/ of of HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS know/ of ofcharacteristic prevention prevention missing AIDS Total women prevention prevention missing AIDS Total men––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Age15-19 50.1 48.6 0.3 0.9 100.0 438 49.0 34.3 0.0 16.7 100.0 720-24 61.9 37.5 0.1 0.5 100.0 1,086 78.0 22.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 9125-29 70.4 29.0 0.2 0.4 100.0 1,056 87.0 13.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 27230-39 75.6 24.2 0.1 0.1 100.0 1,347 89.0 10.8 0.0 0.2 100.0 45540-49 67.8 31.4 0.0 0.8 100.0 767 88.4 11.2 0.5 0.0 100.0 26450-59 na na na na na na 86.9 12.1 0.0 1.6 100.0 160ResidenceUrban 76.6 23.0 0.2 0.3 100.0 1,662 89.5 10.2 0.3 0.0 100.0 443Rural 62.7 36.7 0.1 0.5 100.0 3,032 85.8 13.7 0.0 0.5 100.0 805ProvinceCentral 60.4 39.2 0.0 0.4 100.0 346 96.4 3.6 0.0 0.0 100.0 82Copperbelt 79.1 20.4 0.2 0.4 100.0 871 91.4 7.9 0.0 0.7 100.0 235Eastern 70.4 29.3 0.2 0.2 100.0 644 87.5 12.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 184Luapula 64.7 35.1 0.0 0.2 100.0 399 86.2 13.0 0.0 0.8 100.0 113Lusaka 73.4 26.4 0.2 0.0 100.0 640 85.6 13.6 0.8 0.0 100.0 173Northern 65.4 33.7 0.1 0.8 100.0 678 87.0 13.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 178North-Western 78.9 20.6 0.4 0.2 100.0 215 90.3 9.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 52Southern 55.8 43.9 0.0 0.2 100.0 532 78.0 21.3 0.0 0.8 100.0 144Western 50.4 47.9 0.0 1.7 100.0 369 83.7 16.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 86EducationNo education 49.3 48.8 0.3 1.5 100.0 663 78.7 20.0 0.0 1.3 100.0 73Primary 66.2 33.4 0.1 0.3 100.0 2,905 83.7 15.6 0.2 0.4 100.0 642Secondary 81.1 18.7 0.2 0.0 100.0 1,006 92.5 7.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 431Higher 90.3 9.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 120 92.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 102Total 67.6 31.8 0.1 0.4 100.0 4,694 87.1 12.5 0.1 0.3 100.0 1,248––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––na = Not applicableA provincial comparison shows that Copperbelt and North-Western have the largest proportion ofwomen who report ever discussing HIV prevention with their partners (79 percent), while Western provincehas the lowest with 50 percent. These proportions are higher for men and range from 78 percent inSouthern province to 96 percent in Central province.13.4.2 Stigma Associated with HIV/AIDSResults of the survey indicate that social stigma is a major social, health, and economic challenge.People living with AIDS are stigmatised and experience discrimination. This is in part due to beliefs thatHIV/AIDS is associated with illicit sex. Some of the adverse consequences of such stigma include delaysin seeking health care and negligence by communities in responding to the HIV epidemic and workingtoward its prevention. Discrimination in the workplace against those infected with HIV is a human rightsabuse and has the potential to further weaken the Zambian workforce.To assess whether society has accepted people living with HIV/AIDS, ZDHS respondents wereasked four questions related to stigma, namely: if a family member became HIV-positive, whether theywould want it to remain a secret; whether they would be willing to care for a relative who is sick withAIDS/HIV/STI-Related Knowledge and Behaviour | 201
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
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FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
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As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
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Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
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Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
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Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
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The median birth interval is 33 mon
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4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
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FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
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Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
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Seventy percent of currently marrie
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
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The pattern is slightly different f
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5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
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Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
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Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
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Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
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Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
Page 169 and 170: Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
Page 171 and 172: Eastern province has the highest pr
Page 173 and 174: Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
Page 175 and 176: Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
Page 177 and 178: 10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
Page 179 and 180: Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
Page 181 and 182: Luapula province has the highest pe
Page 183 and 184: INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
Page 185 and 186: than half (51 percent) of the infan
Page 187 and 188: tamination after cleaning, the nipp
Page 189 and 190: 11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
Page 191 and 192: Few children under two years of age
Page 193 and 194: Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
Page 195 and 196: 11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
Page 197 and 198: 11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
Page 199 and 200: 11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
Page 201 and 202: Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
Page 203 and 204: Table 11.12 indicates that children
Page 205 and 206: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
Page 207 and 208: Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
Page 209 and 210: Results show that almost eight out
Page 211 and 212: Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
Page 213 and 214: More than four out of ten never-mar
Page 215 and 216: AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
Page 217 and 218: Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
Page 219: Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
Page 223 and 224: The view that HIV status of a famil
Page 225 and 226: Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
Page 227 and 228: Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
Page 229 and 230: Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
Page 231 and 232: Men in sales and services and skill
Page 233 and 234: Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
Page 235 and 236: Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
Page 237 and 238: The peak age for having STI symptom
Page 239 and 240: used condoms, 34 percent took medic
Page 241 and 242: The practice of having multiple par
Page 243 and 244: Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
Page 245 and 246: PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
Page 247 and 248: 14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
Page 249 and 250: 14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
Page 251 and 252: 14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
Page 253 and 254: Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
Page 255 and 256: The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
Page 259 and 260: Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
Page 261 and 262: ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
Page 263 and 264: Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
Page 265 and 266: While again not definitive, the res
Page 267 and 268: 124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
Page 269 and 270: SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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