Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Table 13.3 Knowledge of programmatically important ways to avoid HIV/AIDSPercent distribution of women and men by knowledge of three programmatically important ways to avoid HIV/AIDS, and percentagewho know of two specific ways to avoid HIV/AIDS, according to background characteristics, Zambia 2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––WomenMen–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Knowledge of ways Specific ways to Knowledge of ways Specific ways toto avoid HIV/AIDS avoid HIV/AIDS to avoid HIV/AIDS avoid HIV/AIDS––––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––LimitLimitTwo or Use number Number Two or Use number NumberBackground One three con- sexual of One three con- sexual ofcharacteristic1None way ways Total doms2 1partners women None way ways Total doms partners 2 men–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Age15-19 20.9 6.5 72.6 100.0 66.7 73.8 1,811 14.4 10.5 75.1 100.0 73.9 72.5 45920-24 12.9 6.9 80.3 100.0 74.6 84.6 1,664 7.8 3.9 88.3 100.0 81.0 87.4 34625-29 12.2 7.3 80.5 100.0 76.1 85.9 1,376 5.1 5.0 89.8 100.0 85.3 90.1 36130-39 11.4 7.7 80.9 100.0 74.1 87.1 1,738 4.3 5.6 90.0 100.0 80.2 93.3 52340-49 17.0 7.9 75.1 100.0 65.3 81.4 1,069 5.3 6.8 87.9 100.0 78.3 90.0 28750-59 na na na na na na na 9.6 9.7 80.8 100.0 67.1 86.9 171Marital statusNever married 17.6 4.9 77.5 100.0 70.8 77.2 1,897 11.1 7.7 81.2 100.0 75.3 79.7 782Ever had sex 14.5 4.2 81.3 100.0 78.7 81.8 990 8.9 7.0 84.1 100.0 79.0 82.6 579Never had sex 21.0 5.6 73.4 100.0 62.3 72.3 907 17.4 9.9 72.8 100.0 64.6 71.5 202Married or living together 13.9 8.7 77.4 100.0 71.3 84.4 4,694 5.4 6.5 88.1 100.0 80.2 90.7 1,248Divorced/separated/widowed 14.1 4.9 81.0 100.0 74.1 83.1 1,067 10.2 2.9 86.9 100.0 82.2 85.0 116ResidenceUrban 7.3 4.4 88.2 100.0 82.0 90.5 3,073 5.4 4.6 90.0 100.0 81.4 90.8 851Rural 19.9 9.1 71.0 100.0 64.6 77.0 4,585 9.3 8.2 82.6 100.0 76.7 83.5 1,294ProvinceCentral 23.6 10.5 65.9 100.0 62.4 73.2 562 5.1 4.7 90.2 100.0 86.2 90.2 165Copperbelt 7.5 5.0 87.5 100.0 79.2 90.0 1,544 7.1 5.6 87.2 100.0 78.6 87.6 447Eastern 14.5 11.6 73.8 100.0 69.0 81.7 926 7.8 5.9 86.3 100.0 80.5 88.7 268Luapula 9.9 7.0 83.1 100.0 70.1 88.7 622 3.9 14.4 81.8 100.0 76.8 93.4 166Lusaka 7.8 2.6 89.6 100.0 85.3 91.2 1,132 5.0 4.2 90.8 100.0 80.3 90.8 314Northern 10.7 10.4 78.9 100.0 64.6 88.0 1,040 8.0 5.5 86.5 100.0 73.1 85.3 292North-Western 9.0 4.7 86.4 100.0 80.6 89.9 354 6.3 0.8 92.9 100.0 81.9 92.4 93Southern 24.0 6.8 69.2 100.0 71.4 70.2 814 15.1 7.3 77.6 100.0 78.0 78.5 232Western 40.6 8.1 51.3 100.0 49.6 55.1 663 10.8 15.3 73.9 100.0 74.5 70.1 169EducationNo education 30.1 10.3 59.5 100.0 50.6 66.7 925 23.6 9.2 67.3 100.0 56.6 70.4 108Primary 17.1 7.9 74.9 100.0 68.4 80.1 4,439 10.6 9.1 80.4 100.0 75.6 81.2 1,100Secondary 4.8 4.7 90.4 100.0 85.7 92.6 2,061 3.0 3.5 93.5 100.0 84.6 93.4 808Higher 0.7 2.2 97.1 100.0 91.7 99.3 234 0.0 5.7 94.3 100.0 84.7 100.0 129Total 14.9 7.2 77.9 100.0 71.6 82.4 7,658 7.7 6.8 85.5 100.0 78.5 86.4 2,145–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Note: Programmatically important ways are abstaining from sex, using condoms, and limiting the number of sexual partners. Abstinencefrom sex is measured from a spontaneous response only; using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners is measured fromspontaneous and probed responses.na = Not applicable1Those who have not heard of HIV/AIDS or do not know of any programmatically important ways to avoid HIV/AIDS.2Refers to limiting number of sexual partners and limiting sex to one partner/staying faithful to one partner.There are rural-urban variations regarding knowledge of ways to avoid HIV/AIDS. Urbanwomen and men are more knowledgeable about ways to avoid HIV infection than their rural counterparts.Women and men in Western province are least knowledgeable about ways of contracting HIV/AIDS.The most knowledgeable are women in Copperbelt, Lusaka, and North-Western provinces and men inCentral, Lusaka, and North-Western provinces.198 | AIDS/HIV/STI-Related Knowledge and Behaviour
Knowledge of HIV prevention methods is strongly related to education level. Among women,30 percent of those without education do not know any programmatically important way of avoidingHIV/AIDS, compared with 1 percent of those with more than secondary education. The pattern for menis similar to that of women.13.3 KNOWLEDGE OF HIV/AIDS TRANSMISSION AND ITS EFFECTSTable 13.4 shows responses to prompted questions on knowledge about other important issues relatedto HIV/AIDS. The data show that 77 percent of women and 79 percent of men know that a healthylookingperson can have AIDS. Among both women and men, age is related to knowledge. The percentageof women who say that a healthy-looking person can have the AIDS virus generally increases withage. Women and men 15-19 are less likely to know that a healthy-looking person can have the AIDS virusthan respondents in other age groups.The percentage of both women and men who know that a healthy-looking can person can haveHIV/AIDS is higher in urban than rural areas, and higher among the more educated than the less educated.Among the provinces, Lusaka province has the largest proportion of women with this knowledge,while Central province has the largest proportion of men with this knowledge.In the 2001-2002 ZDHS, respondents were asked whether they know that HIV can be transmittedfrom mother to child during delivery, pregnancy and breastfeeding. In all, 65 percent of women and 64percent of men know that HIV can be transmitted during delivery, 79 percent of women and 78 percent ofmen know that it can be transmitted during pregnancy and 71 percent of women and 65 percent of menknow that it can be transmitted through breastfeeding.Those proportions vary little by background characteristics. Education level and residence appearto influence levels of knowledge about mother-to-child transmission. Men and women with education, aswell as women in urban areas are more knowledgeable about the transmission of HIV/AIDS from motherto child through breastfeeding, during pregnancy and delivery. However, men in Lusaka province werethe least knowledgeable about mother-to-child transmission.A comparison of the provinces shows that the highest proportion of respondents who know thatHIV/AIDS can be transmitted through breastfeeding, during delivery and pregnancy is in North-Westernprovince for women and Northern province for men.AIDS/HIV/STI-Related Knowledge and Behaviour | 199
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
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FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
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As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
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Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
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Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
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Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
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The median birth interval is 33 mon
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4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
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FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
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Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
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Seventy percent of currently marrie
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
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The pattern is slightly different f
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5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
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Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
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Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
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Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
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Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
Page 167 and 168: Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
Page 169 and 170: Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
Page 171 and 172: Eastern province has the highest pr
Page 173 and 174: Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
Page 175 and 176: Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
Page 177 and 178: 10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
Page 179 and 180: Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
Page 181 and 182: Luapula province has the highest pe
Page 183 and 184: INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
Page 185 and 186: than half (51 percent) of the infan
Page 187 and 188: tamination after cleaning, the nipp
Page 189 and 190: 11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
Page 191 and 192: Few children under two years of age
Page 193 and 194: Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
Page 195 and 196: 11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
Page 197 and 198: 11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
Page 199 and 200: 11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
Page 201 and 202: Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
Page 203 and 204: Table 11.12 indicates that children
Page 205 and 206: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
Page 207 and 208: Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
Page 209 and 210: Results show that almost eight out
Page 211 and 212: Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
Page 213 and 214: More than four out of ten never-mar
Page 215 and 216: AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
Page 217: Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
Page 221 and 222: Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
Page 223 and 224: The view that HIV status of a famil
Page 225 and 226: Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
Page 227 and 228: Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
Page 229 and 230: Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
Page 231 and 232: Men in sales and services and skill
Page 233 and 234: Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
Page 235 and 236: Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
Page 237 and 238: The peak age for having STI symptom
Page 239 and 240: used condoms, 34 percent took medic
Page 241 and 242: The practice of having multiple par
Page 243 and 244: Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
Page 245 and 246: PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
Page 247 and 248: 14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
Page 249 and 250: 14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
Page 251 and 252: 14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
Page 253 and 254: Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
Page 255 and 256: The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
Page 259 and 260: Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
Page 261 and 262: ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
Page 263 and 264: Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
Page 265 and 266: While again not definitive, the res
Page 267 and 268: 124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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