Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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More than half of women who have ever been beaten say they were beaten in the 12 months beforethe survey. Overall, almost four out of ten women (36 percent) who have ever experienced physical violencereport having been beaten once or twice in the last 12 months. Almost one in six women (13 percent) reporthaving been beaten three to five times, and 6 percent report having been beaten six or more times in the pastyear.The frequency of beatings among women who report being beaten does not vary much with age ormarital status. However, women age 15-19 are more likely to report being beaten six or more times in the lastyear (10 percent) than women in other age groups.Overall, rural women who have ever been beaten report a higher frequency of beatings in the last yearthan urban women. The urban-rural distinction is particularly notable in the proportions of women who reportbeing beaten three to five times in the last 12 months (7 percent in urban areas; 18 percent in rural areas). Theprovinces with the highest proportions of women ever been beaten reporting six or more beatings include thepredominantly rural Western province (one in three women) and Southern province (one in ten women).Notably, one out of five women who have ever experienced physical violence report being beaten three tofive times in Copperbelt, Luapula, Northern, and Western provinces.The frequency of beatings decreases with increasing level of education among women who have everbeen beaten. Additionally, a significantly higher proportion of women employed but not earning any cashreport being beaten three or more times in the last year compared with those unemployed or employed forcash.12.6 SEXUAL VIOLENCE BY A MANWomen in the domestic violence sub-sample were asked whether they had ever been forced by a manto have sexual intercourse when they did not want to. Women who answered “Yes” are defined as havingexperienced sexual violence. Women were asked how often this had occurred in the last 12 months and whothe person was.Table 12.5 shows the percentage of women who have experienced sexual violence ever and in the 12months prior to the survey by background characteristics. Overall, around one in six women (15 percent)report having ever experienced sexual violence by a man and one in twelve (8 percent) report such experiencein the last year. Ever-married women report slightly lower levels of sexual violence ever and in the past 12months (14 percent and 7 percent, respectively) than those never-married (18 percent and 11 percent,respectively).190 | Violence against Women
Table 12.5 Experience of sexual violencePercentage of women who have ever been forced by a man to have sexual intercourse, and percentage who were forced to haveintercourse in the past 12 months, by background characteristics, Zambia 2001-2002Background characteristicEver-married women Never-married women TotalIn pastIn pastIn past12 Number12 Number of12Ever months of women Ever months women Ever monthsNumberof womenAge15-19 15.7 11.1 306 17.3 13.1 864 16.9 12.6 1,17120-29 15.0 7.4 1,643 19.3 6.0 340 15.7 7.1 1,98330-39 12.8 6.2 1,110 (29.3) (15.6) 30 13.2 6.4 1,14040-49 11.3 4.0 732 * * 3 11.3 4.0 735Marital statusIn union 13.1 6.5 3,057 na na na 13.1 6.5 3,057Separated/divorced 17.0 9.9 489 na na na 17.0 9.9 489Widowed 14.3 2.7 245 na na na 14.3 2.7 245Never married na na na 18.1 11.2 1,237 18.1 11.2 1,237ResidenceUrban 15.6 7.1 1,438 19.2 10.3 605 16.7 8.1 2,043Rural 12.5 6.4 2,354 17.0 12.0 632 13.5 7.6 2,986ProvinceCentral 6.9 1.8 275 12.9 5.7 92 8.4 2.8 367Copperbelt 12.3 4.8 727 21.1 13.3 282 14.7 7.2 1,010Eastern 13.1 6.8 506 7.9 2.9 108 12.2 6.1 614Luapula 7.3 2.2 326 15.0 4.7 84 8.8 2.7 410Lusaka 21.3 12.4 526 15.5 7.6 212 19.6 11.0 738Northern 13.6 6.4 535 21.9 19.0 149 15.4 9.2 684North-Western 13.2 5.5 170 22.1 14.6 62 15.6 7.9 232Southern 14.1 5.9 417 13.0 7.8 122 13.8 6.3 539Western 17.7 12.3 309 28.8 20.0 127 20.9 14.5 435EducationNo education 12.4 6.6 538 13.3 7.8 71 12.5 6.7 608Primary 12.9 6.3 2,324 18.3 13.7 605 14.0 7.8 2,929Secondary 14.8 7.2 819 18.7 9.7 501 16.3 8.1 1,320Higher 28.8 11.7 111 17.0 1.0 61 24.6 8.0 172Employment statusNot employed 14.6 8.0 1,437 16.3 10.2 796 15.2 8.7 2,233Employed for cash 14.1 6.2 1,367 21.2 9.8 237 15.1 6.7 1,604Employed, but not for cash 11.8 5.5 986 21.8 16.8 201 13.5 7.4 1,187Total 13.7 6.7 3,792 18.1 11.2 1,237 14.8 7.8 5,029na = Not applicableAmong ever-married women, experience of sexual violence by a man ever and in the last 12 monthsdecreases steadily with age. Separated or divorced women are more likely to report having been forced by aman to have sexual intercourse with him (17 percent ever and 10 percent in the last 12 months) than thosecurrently in union (13 percent ever and 7 percent in the last 12 months) or widowed (14 percent ever and 3percent in the last 12 months) (Figure 12.1).Violence against Women | 191
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
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FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
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As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
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Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
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Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
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Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
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The median birth interval is 33 mon
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4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
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FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
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Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
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Seventy percent of currently marrie
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Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
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Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
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Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
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The pattern is slightly different f
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5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
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Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
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Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
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Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
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Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
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Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
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Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
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Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
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FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
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The above results show an increase
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7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
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Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
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The mean ideal number of children f
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Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
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Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
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Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
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Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
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Only 27 percent of births are in a
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MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
Page 159 and 160: Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
Page 161 and 162: Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
Page 163 and 164: Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
Page 165 and 166: No major variations were observed w
Page 167 and 168: Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
Page 169 and 170: Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
Page 171 and 172: Eastern province has the highest pr
Page 173 and 174: Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
Page 175 and 176: Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
Page 177 and 178: 10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
Page 179 and 180: Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
Page 181 and 182: Luapula province has the highest pe
Page 183 and 184: INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
Page 185 and 186: than half (51 percent) of the infan
Page 187 and 188: tamination after cleaning, the nipp
Page 189 and 190: 11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
Page 191 and 192: Few children under two years of age
Page 193 and 194: Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
Page 195 and 196: 11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
Page 197 and 198: 11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
Page 199 and 200: 11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
Page 201 and 202: Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
Page 203 and 204: Table 11.12 indicates that children
Page 205 and 206: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
Page 207 and 208: Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
Page 209: Results show that almost eight out
Page 213 and 214: More than four out of ten never-mar
Page 215 and 216: AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
Page 217 and 218: Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
Page 219 and 220: Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
Page 221 and 222: Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
Page 223 and 224: The view that HIV status of a famil
Page 225 and 226: Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
Page 227 and 228: Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
Page 229 and 230: Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
Page 231 and 232: Men in sales and services and skill
Page 233 and 234: Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
Page 235 and 236: Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
Page 237 and 238: The peak age for having STI symptom
Page 239 and 240: used condoms, 34 percent took medic
Page 241 and 242: The practice of having multiple par
Page 243 and 244: Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
Page 245 and 246: PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
Page 247 and 248: 14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
Page 249 and 250: 14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
Page 251 and 252: 14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
Page 253 and 254: Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
Page 255 and 256: The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
Page 257 and 258: Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
Page 259 and 260: Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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