Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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The ideal family size increases with age, from 4 children among those aged 15-19 to 6.4 amongthose aged 45-49. Ideal family size for both women and men is higher in rural areas than urban areas.The ideal size is the highest in Western province (5.8 for women and 6.7 for men). This confirms thefindings that Western province has the lowest percentage of both men and women who want to limit childbearing as discussed earlier. Copperbelt and Lusaka provinces have the lowest ideal family sizes alongwith the lowest fertility levels and highest contraceptive prevalence rates. There are also variations in theideal family size with level of education reached. Across all age groups, the ideal family size decreaseswith increasing level of education.7.5 WANTED AND UNWANTED FERTILITYThere are two main ways of looking at the issue of unwanted fertility. In the first approach,responses to a question about children born in the five years preceding the survey (and any currentpregnancy) are used to determine whether the pregnancy was planned (wanted then), wanted but at a latertime (mistimed), or unwanted (not wanted at all). The answers to these questions provide some insightinto the degree to which couples are able to control fertility.Table 7.6 shows the percent distribution of births (including current pregnancy) in the five yearspreceding the survey by fertility planning status, according to birth order and mother’s age at birth.Table 7.6 Fertility planning statusPercent distribution of births in the five years preceding the survey (including currentpregnancies) by fertility planning status, according to birth order and mother’s age atbirth, Zambia 2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Planning status of birthBirth order –––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Numberand mother's Wanted Wanted Wanted ofage at birth then later no more Missing Total births–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Birth order1 62.7 13.6 23.3 0.4 100.0 1,6692 67.7 21.7 10.1 0.5 100.0 1,3923 65.0 24.1 10.6 0.3 100.0 1,1334+ 52.1 24.3 23.4 0.2 100.0 3,236Age at birth
Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fertility rates andtotal actual fertility rates for the three years preceding thesurvey, by selected background characteristics. The wantedfertility is calculated in the same manner as the totalfertility rate, but unwanted births are excluded from thenumerator. For this purpose, unwanted births are definedas those that exceed the number considered ideal by therespondent. (Women who did not report a numeric idealfamily size were assumed to want all their births). The raterepresents the level of fertility that would have prevailed inthe three years preceding the survey if all unwanted birthswere prevented. A comparison of the total wanted fertilityand actual total fertility rate suggests the potential demographicimpact of the elimination of unwanted births.The wanted fertility rate has decreased from 5.4 in1992 to 5.2 in 1996 and to 4.9 in 2001-2002. There is adifference of one child between the wanted fertility rateand the actual total fertility rate. If the desired fertility ratesfor rural and urban areas were realised, the fertility levelwould be 5.8 births and 3.4 births per woman, respectively.This means that there would be about one child fewer perwoman in both rural and urban areas.Lusaka has the lowest wanted and actual fertilityrates of 3.5 and 4.3 respectively, while Luapula has thehighest wanted and actual fertility rates of 6.2 and 7.3respectively. In addition to Luapula, women in Eastern,Northern, North-Western and Western provinces havewanted fertility rates that are above the national average,while the rates for women in Central, Lusaka, Copperbeltand Southern provinces are below the national average. OnTable 7.7 Wanted fertility ratesTotal wanted fertility rates and total fertility ratesfor the three years preceding the survey, bybackground characteristics, Zambia 2001-2002BackgroundcharacteristicTotalwantedfertility rateTotalfertilityrateResidenceUrban 3.4 4.3Rural 5.8 6.9ProvinceCentral 4.8 6.2Copperbelt 3.7 4.5Eastern 5.9 6.8Luapula 6.2 7.3Lusaka 3.5 4.3Northern 6.0 6.9North-Western 6.1 6.8Southern 4.7 6.1Western 5.4 6.4EducationNo education 6.6 7.4Primary 5.5 6.5Secondary or higher 3.0 3.9All women 4.9 5.9Note: Rates are calculated based on births towomen age 15-49 in the period 1-36 monthspreceding the survey. The total fertility rates arethe same as those presented in Table 4.2.the other hand, only Copperbelt and Lusaka have actual total fertility rates that are below that of thenational average. Southern and Central provinces have the largest gaps between wanted and actualfertility.Women’s education has a negative relationship with levels of both wanted and actual fertility.Women with no education have the highest wanted fertility rate (6.6), while those with at least somesecondary education have the lowest with wanted fertility (3.0).Fertility Preferences and Unmet Need │ 115
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
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FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
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As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
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Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 89 and 90: Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93 and 94: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 95 and 96: FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Seventy percent of currently marrie
Page 101: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
Page 109 and 110: The pattern is slightly different f
Page 111 and 112: 5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
Page 115 and 116: Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
Page 117 and 118: Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
Page 119 and 120: Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 127 and 128: Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
Page 129 and 130: FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
Page 131 and 132: The above results show an increase
Page 133 and 134: 7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
Page 135 and 136: Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
Page 137: The mean ideal number of children f
Page 141 and 142: Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
Page 143 and 144: Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
Page 145 and 146: Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
Page 147 and 148: Only 27 percent of births are in a
Page 149 and 150: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
Page 151 and 152: Expectant mothers should beginanten
Page 153 and 154: There are particularly sharp differ
Page 155 and 156: Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
Page 157 and 158: Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
Page 159 and 160: Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
Page 161 and 162: Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
Page 163 and 164: Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
Page 165 and 166: No major variations were observed w
Page 167 and 168: Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
Page 169 and 170: Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
Page 171 and 172: Eastern province has the highest pr
Page 173 and 174: Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
Page 175 and 176: Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
Page 177 and 178: 10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
Page 179 and 180: Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
Page 181 and 182: Luapula province has the highest pe
Page 183 and 184: INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
Page 185 and 186: than half (51 percent) of the infan
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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