Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Table 7.4 Ideal and actual number of childrenPercent distribution of all women and all men by ideal number of children and mean ideal number of children for allwomen and for all men and for currently married women and currently married men, according to number of livingchildren, Zambia 2001-2002––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Number of living children 1All–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– women/Ideal number of children 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ men––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––WOMEN––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––0 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.31 1.2 3.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.8 1.22 19.5 14.0 10.3 5.2 2.9 2.7 3.5 10.43 17.6 21.6 11.7 9.4 3.3 4.4 3.2 12.14 28.6 27.3 33.1 27.4 27.0 14.8 16.6 26.05 13.4 14.0 19.6 22.6 18.0 20.6 12.4 16.36+ 12.2 15.5 20.2 30.1 42.2 49.8 53.8 27.6Non-numeric responses 6.8 4.3 4.5 4.6 5.8 7.2 9.2 6.0Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Number 1,878 1,371 1,107 945 696 545 1,116 7,658Mean ideal number children for:All women 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.9 5.4 5.8 6.2 4.7Number 1,751 1,312 1,057 902 655 506 1,013 7,195Currently married women 4.4 4.2 4.5 4.9 5.4 5.9 6.2 5.1Number 259 792 816 718 554 419 858 4,416––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––MEN––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.11 0.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.62 8.3 6.2 9.3 13.2 8.5 2.0 2.1 7.13 10.7 14.6 9.2 7.3 4.1 3.7 4.4 8.74 21.3 21.5 20.2 13.5 13.1 9.0 11.2 17.55 9.7 14.1 10.9 8.0 5.4 10.5 4.9 9.16+ 30.0 30.6 31.6 45.1 58.3 66.8 63.8 41.6Non-numeric responses 8.5 4.3 5.3 5.9 5.2 5.9 8.7 7.1Total 89.0 92.4 87.6 93.8 94.5 97.9 95.5 91.7Number 861 237 210 184 152 125 376 2,145Mean ideal number children for:All men 4.5 4.3 4.7 5.2 5.8 6.7 7.6 5.3Number 809 231 205 179 146 120 346 2,036Currently married men 4.8 4.3 4.8 5.2 5.8 6.8 7.6 5.9Number 77 166 186 170 140 116 337 1,190–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––1 Includes current pregnancy2Means are calculated excluding respondents giving non-numeric responses.112 │ Fertility Preferences and Unmet Need
The mean ideal number of children for women is 4.7, compared with 5.3 for men. The numberincreases with the number of living children and ranges from 3.9 for women without any children to 6.2for those with at least 6 children. For married women, the ideal number of children is higher (5.1) thanthat of all women (4.7). There are two principal reasons for this pattern. First, to the extent that womenare able to implement their fertility desires, women who want smaller families will tend to achievesmaller families. Second, some women may have difficulty admitting that they would have had fewerchildren if they could begin childbearing again. Such women are likely to report their actual number ofchildren as their preferred number. As with women, the mean ideal number of children increases with thenumber of children that the man has and ranges from 4.5 among those without a child to 7.6 among thosewho already have 6 children.The levels of ideal family size exceed the four children espoused as the ideal family size in theNational Population Policy and imply that efforts to encourage smaller family size norms might bewarranted. However, comparison with the 1992 and 1996 ZDHS surveys demonstrates that there has beena decline in ideal family size among women over time from a mean of 5.8 children in 1992 to 5.3 childrenin 1996 and to 4.7 in 2001-2002.The data also provide evidence of unwanted fertility. This is shown by the proportion ofrespondents. For example, among women with six or more children, 37 percent who said that they wouldideally have liked fewer children than they actually have.Table 7.5 shows the mean ideal number of children for all women by age according tobackground characteristics and for all men by background characteristics.Table 7.5 Mean ideal number of children by background characteristicsMean ideal number of children for all women by age and mean ideal number of children forall men, according to background characteristics, Zambia 2001-2002BackgroundAgecharacteristic 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49AllwomenAllmenResidenceUrban 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.4 5.1 5.5 6.2 4.0 4.4Rural 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.6 6.0 6.5 6.5 5.2 5.9ProvinceCentral 3.7 3.9 4.5 4.9 5.3 5.8 5.6 4.5 5.0Copperbelt 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.5 5.4 5.6 6.6 4.2 4.6Eastern 4.0 4.2 4.6 5.3 5.8 6.3 6.7 4.9 5.5Luapula 4.6 5.0 5.2 5.7 6.3 (6.1) 6.4 5.4 5.8Lusaka 3.1 3.3 3.9 4.3 4.9 5.7 (5.3) 3.9 4.2Northern 4.1 4.7 4.9 5.6 6.2 6.3 6.8 5.1 6.3North-Western 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.3 6.8 7.5 5.4 6.1Southern 4.2 4.5 4.5 5.2 5.3 5.9 (5.7) 4.8 5.5Western 5.3 5.2 5.1 6.0 6.6 7.3 (7.5) 5.8 6.7EducationNo education 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.9 6.1 7.0 6.8 5.7 6.0Primary 4.2 4.5 4.9 5.4 6.0 6.3 6.4 5.0 5.9Secondary or higher 3.4 3.4 3.7 4.1 4.6 5.0 5.8 3.8 4.5All women 4.0 4.2 4.5 5.1 5.7 6.1 6.4 4.7 5.3Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 births.Fertility Preferences and Unmet Need │ 113
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
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FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
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As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 89 and 90: Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93 and 94: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 95 and 96: FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Seventy percent of currently marrie
Page 101: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
Page 109 and 110: The pattern is slightly different f
Page 111 and 112: 5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
Page 115 and 116: Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
Page 117 and 118: Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
Page 119 and 120: Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 127 and 128: Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
Page 129 and 130: FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
Page 131 and 132: The above results show an increase
Page 133 and 134: 7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
Page 135: Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
Page 139 and 140: Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
Page 141 and 142: Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
Page 143 and 144: Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
Page 145 and 146: Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
Page 147 and 148: Only 27 percent of births are in a
Page 149 and 150: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
Page 151 and 152: Expectant mothers should beginanten
Page 153 and 154: There are particularly sharp differ
Page 155 and 156: Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
Page 157 and 158: Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
Page 159 and 160: Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
Page 161 and 162: Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
Page 163 and 164: Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
Page 165 and 166: No major variations were observed w
Page 167 and 168: Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
Page 169 and 170: Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
Page 171 and 172: Eastern province has the highest pr
Page 173 and 174: Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
Page 175 and 176: Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
Page 177 and 178: 10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
Page 179 and 180: Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
Page 181 and 182: Luapula province has the highest pe
Page 183 and 184: INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
Page 185 and 186: than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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