Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Table 7.2 Desire to limit childbearingPercentage of currently married women who want no more children or are sterilised, by number of living children andbackground characteristics, and percentage of currently married men who want no more children, by backgroundcharacteristics, Zambia 2001-2002––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Number of living children 1Background ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– All Allcharacteristic 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ women men––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––ResidenceUrban 2.5 5.4 28.8 50.2 57.0 78.5 93.5 44.7 40.2Rural 0.8 3.4 12.0 16.3 33.6 46.1 74.9 30.5 25.9ProvinceCentral 5.7 3.7 17.0 33.7 53.0 (52.6) 88.3 40.9 35.8Copperbelt (0.0) 6.4 30.9 45.8 50.6 (75.5) 91.3 46.4 45.0Eastern 0.0 2.6 17.1 21.4 48.6 59.3 80.7 33.2 30.1Luapula (0.0) 1.2 7.7 4.1 (19.1) * 78.3 23.6 21.1Lusaka 2.7 7.8 23.9 57.0 (58.2) 71.1 92.5 42.0 39.4Northern 0.0 3.8 9.1 11.8 33.0 42.0 75.4 30.3 22.0North-Western (5.9) 6.5 8.3 16.0 19.7 47.7 69.4 30.7 20.9Southern (0.0) 1.4 23.2 23.6 45.3 (58.5) 74.6 37.2 26.0Western (3.7) 1.7 11.4 15.9 (14.6) (38.6) 57.4 20.7 18.7EducationNo education 3.6 3.1 6.6 14.8 27.2 45.7 76.3 30.9 19.8Primary 1.1 3.0 16.1 23.7 38.8 55.5 78.7 35.0 26.6Secondary+ 0.9 6.8 28.8 45.8 59.8 70.9 92.3 39.8 37.8All women 1.4 4.2 18.9 28.0 42.0 57.1 80.2 35.5 naAll men 2.3 4.0 13.1 20.5 26.1 49.3 60.1 na 31.0––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Note: Women who have been sterilised are considered to want no more children. Figures in parentheses are based on25-49 unweighted cases. An asterisk indicates that a figure is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has beensuppressed.na = Not applicable1 Includes current pregnancyFigure 7.3 Percentage of Women with Three Living ChildrenWho Do Not Want Additional Children, byBackground CharacteristicsPercent1008060402005016UrbanRural5746463421242416 1612154CentralCopperbeltEasternLuapulaLusakaNorthernNorth-WesternSouthernWesternNo educationPrimarySecondaryZDHS 2001-2002108 │ Fertility Preferences and Unmet Need
7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGWomen who say either that they do not want any more children or that they want to wait two ormore years before having another child, but are not using contraception, are considered to have an unmetneed for family planning. Women who are using family planning methods are said to have a met need forfamily planning. Women with unmet need and met need together constitute the total demand for familyplanning, which can be categorised based on whether the need is for spacing or limiting births.Table 7.3 shows the proportions of currently married women with unmet need and met need, andthe total demand for family planning by background characteristics, according to intention to space orlimit births. The data show that 27 percent of married women have unmet need for family planning, thesame proportion as in 1996. Unmet need for spacing is greater than unmet need for limiting children(17 percent and 11 percent, respectively). Comparing data from the 1996 and 2001-2002 ZDHS surveys,unmet need for spacing has declined somewhat (from 19 percent to 17 percent), while unmet need forlimiting has increased (from 8 percent to 11 percent). Unmet need generally rises with age, falling off atthe oldest age group. As expected, younger women (15-29) have a higher unmet need for spacing, whilethe unmet need for limiting births is higher in older women (35-49).The table indicates that rural women have a higher unmet need for family planning (29 percent)compared with their urban counterparts (26 percent). It is interesting to note that whereas rural womenhave a higher unmet need for spacing (19 percent) compared with urban women (14 percent), urbanwomen have a higher unmet need for limiting (12 percent) compared with rural women (10 percent).Unmet need for family planning is highest in Southern and Central provinces (34 percent and33 percent) and lowest in Luapula (19 percent). Lusaka, Luapula and Copperbelt lead the rest of theprovinces with a satisfied demand for family planning of above 60 percent. Central province has thelowest satisfied demand of all provinces (44 percent).Women with higher than secondary education have a lower unmet need for family planning(16 percent) compared with women with no education and those with primary education whose unmetneed for family planning is 27 percent and 29 percent, respectively. Total demand for family planningincreases with women’s education level. The demand satisfied follows the same pattern. Overall, thepercentage of demand satisfied ranges from 46 percent for women with no education to 79 percent forwomen with higher education.Much of the unmet need for family planning in Zambia results from women’s fear of the healthside effects associated with contraceptive methods, especially the pill and injectables. Studies indicatethat fear of side effects prevents many women from using modern methods of contraception (PopulationCouncil, 1998).Fertility Preferences and Unmet Need │ 109
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
Page 83 and 84: As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 89 and 90: Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93 and 94: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 95 and 96: FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Seventy percent of currently marrie
Page 101: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
Page 109 and 110: The pattern is slightly different f
Page 111 and 112: 5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
Page 115 and 116: Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
Page 117 and 118: Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
Page 119 and 120: Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 127 and 128: Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
Page 129 and 130: FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
Page 131: The above results show an increase
Page 135 and 136: Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
Page 137 and 138: The mean ideal number of children f
Page 139 and 140: Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
Page 141 and 142: Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
Page 143 and 144: Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
Page 145 and 146: Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
Page 147 and 148: Only 27 percent of births are in a
Page 149 and 150: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
Page 151 and 152: Expectant mothers should beginanten
Page 153 and 154: There are particularly sharp differ
Page 155 and 156: Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
Page 157 and 158: Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
Page 159 and 160: Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
Page 161 and 162: Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
Page 163 and 164: Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
Page 165 and 166: No major variations were observed w
Page 167 and 168: Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
Page 169 and 170: Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
Page 171 and 172: Eastern province has the highest pr
Page 173 and 174: Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
Page 175 and 176: Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
Page 177 and 178: 10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
Page 179 and 180: Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
Page 181 and 182: Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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