Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Table 7.1 shows fertility preferences among currently married women and men by number ofchildren at the time of survey. The table also shows disparities in the desire for more children betweenwomen and men, with more men than women desiring another child regardless of the number ofsurviving children. Overall, 67 percent of married men want another child, compared with only60 percent of married women. Men are also more likely to want their next child soon, whereas womenare more likely to want to wait two years for their next child. For example, 13 percent of married womenwith four children want another child within 2 years, compared with 32 percent of men with the samenumber of children.Table 7.1 Fertility preferences by number of living childrenPercent distribution of currently married women and currently married men by desire for children, according to numberof living children, Zambia 2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Number of living children 1All––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– women/Desire for children 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ men–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––WOMEN–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Have another soon 2 85.2 33.0 20.7 16.8 13.4 7.7 3.2 20.5Have another later 3 5.1 57.4 53.6 48.7 36.5 27.4 11.0 37.4Have another, undecided when 3.0 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.1 1.8 0.5 2.2Undecided 1.5 1.2 1.9 2.6 4.7 4.2 2.3 2.5Want no more 1.4 4.0 18.4 26.7 40.6 53.9 74.1 33.5Sterilised 4 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.2 1.4 3.2 6.2 2.0Declared infecund 3.8 0.9 1.8 1.1 0.9 1.5 2.3 1.6Missing 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100Number 282 829 851 754 587 449 941 4,694–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––MEN–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Have another soon 88.4 49.9 37.2 31.7 32.2 26.9 21.1 35.2Have another later 3.9 39.8 44.2 38.2 34.9 18.3 12.1 27.2Have another, undecided when 5.4 4.5 4.2 4.5 3.3 4.7 3.7 4.2Undecided 0.0 1.7 1.3 4.7 3.5 0.9 2.3 2.3Want no more 2.3 4.0 13.1 20.5 26.1 49.3 60.1 31.0Declared infecund 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100Number 81 171 189 175 146 120 366 1,248–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––1Includes current pregnancy2Wants next birth within 2 years3Wants to delay next birth for 2 or more years4Includes both female and male sterilisationAccording to the results of the 2001-2002 ZDHS, women who want to have their first child soonhas remained stable when compared with the 1996 ZDHS. However, there is a large increase in theproportion of men who want their first child soon between 1996 and 2001-2002 ZDHS (58 percent and88 percent, respectively). This large change, which seems unexpected, deserves further investigation, butmay reflect variability due to the small number of men in the category.Thirty-six percent of married women and 31 percent of men want no more children or have beensterilised. The desire to end childbearing increases with the number of living children, increasing from4 percent for women with only one child to 80 percent for women with 6 or more children (Figure 7.2).The desire to end childbearing for men increases from 4 percent for men with only one child to 60 percentfor men with 6 or more children.106 │ Fertility Preferences and Unmet Need
The above results show an increase in the desire to end childbearing, from 29 percent of marriedwomen and 24 percent of married men in 1996 to 36 percent of married women and 31 percent of marriedmen in 2001-2002. The increase in the desire to end childbearing is particularly striking among womenand men with 6 or more children; for women, this figure increased from 68 to 80 percent, while for men itincreased from 44 to 60 percent.Figure 7.2 Percentage of Married Women and Men who WantNo More Children by Number of Living ChildrenPercent1008060402008057604942363128261921131 2 4 4Total 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+Number of Living ChildrenWomen MenZDHS 2001-20027.2 DESIRE TO LIMIT CHILDBEARING BY BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICSTable 7.2 shows the percentage of currently married women who want no more children or aresterilised by number of living children and background characteristics and the percentage of currentlymarried men who want no more children by background characteristics. The table shows that urbanwomen are more likely than rural women to want no more children regardless of the number of childrenthey already have. Overall, 45 percent of urban women do not want any more children, compared with31 percent of their rural counterparts.Copperbelt, Lusaka, and Central provinces lead in the proportion of women who wish to stophaving children, while Western province has the lowest proportion of women who wish to limit thenumber of children that they have.The percentage of women who do not want any more children increases with the increase in thelevel of education. The 2001-2002 ZDHS shows that 40 percent of women with secondary or highereducation do not want any more children compared with 31 percent of women without any education.The differences are especially striking when the number of living children is taken into account. Forexample, among women with three children, only 15 percent of uneducated women want no more,compared with 46 percent of those with secondary or higher schooling (Figure 7.3).Fertility Preferences and Unmet Need │ 107
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
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Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
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3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
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Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
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Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
Page 83 and 84: As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 89 and 90: Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93 and 94: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 95 and 96: FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Seventy percent of currently marrie
Page 101: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
Page 109 and 110: The pattern is slightly different f
Page 111 and 112: 5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
Page 115 and 116: Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
Page 117 and 118: Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
Page 119 and 120: Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 127 and 128: Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
Page 129: FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
Page 133 and 134: 7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
Page 135 and 136: Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
Page 137 and 138: The mean ideal number of children f
Page 139 and 140: Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
Page 141 and 142: Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
Page 143 and 144: Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
Page 145 and 146: Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
Page 147 and 148: Only 27 percent of births are in a
Page 149 and 150: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
Page 151 and 152: Expectant mothers should beginanten
Page 153 and 154: There are particularly sharp differ
Page 155 and 156: Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
Page 157 and 158: Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
Page 159 and 160: Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
Page 161 and 162: Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
Page 163 and 164: Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
Page 165 and 166: No major variations were observed w
Page 167 and 168: Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
Page 169 and 170: Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
Page 171 and 172: Eastern province has the highest pr
Page 173 and 174: Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
Page 175 and 176: Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
Page 177 and 178: 10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
Page 179 and 180: Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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