Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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Table 6.4 Median age at first marriageMedian age at first marriage among women 20-49 and among men 25-59, by background characteristics, Zambia 2001-2002––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Current age Women Women MenBackground –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– age age agecharacteristic 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 20-49 25-49 25-59––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––ResidenceUrban 19.9 18.9 18.9 17.7 17.5 16.7 18.7 18.3 24.5Rural 18.0 18.0 17.7 17.4 17.2 16.8 17.7 17.6 22.6ProvinceCentral 17.9 18.2 18.3 17.6 16.3 16.2 17.7 17.6 23.2Copperbelt 19.4 18.6 18.5 17.2 16.8 16.3 18.2 17.8 24.2Eastern 17.8 17.8 17.6 17.3 17.0 17.9 17.6 17.6 22.0Luapula 18.0 17.8 17.8 16.5 (17.1) 16.3 17.4 17.2 22.9Lusaka 19.3 18.8 19.2 17.8 17.6 (16.6) 18.7 18.4 23.6Northern 18.2 17.9 17.7 17.4 17.9 17.8 17.8 17.7 23.3North-Western 19.2 18.0 17.4 16.9 16.4 16.4 17.6 17.2 22.6Southern 18.7 18.6 17.9 18.8 17.2 (16.3) 18.1 17.9 23.0Western 19.7 20.1 19.4 19.1 18.5 (17.6) 19.3 19.2 24.3EducationNo education 17.1 17.4 16.9 16.6 16.6 16.0 16.9 16.8 21.7Primary 17.8 17.7 17.6 17.2 17.0 16.6 17.5 17.4 22.3Secondary or higher a 21.0 20.2 20.2 19.0 19.2 a 20.2 24.6Total 18.7 18.4 18.1 17.5 17.3 16.8 18.1 17.8 23.2––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases.aOmitted because less than 50 percent of the women married for the first time before the beginning of the age group6.4 AGE AT FIRST SEXUAL INTERCOURSEWhile age at first marriage is often used as a proxy for first exposure to intercourse, the twoevents do not necessarily occur at the same time. Women and men may engage in sexual relations prior tomarriage, especially if they are postponing the age at which they marry. In the 2001-2002 ZDHS, womenand men were asked how old they were when they first had sexual intercourse.Table 6.5 shows that the median age at first intercourse is just under 17 years for women andabout 18 years for men. Almost 20 percent of women and men report that they had sexual intercoursebefore age 15. By age 18, two-thirds of women and about half of men have had sexual intercourse.Among women, the median age at first sex shows a slight increase among younger women, whichcorroborates the trend over time from 16.4 in 1996 to 16.8 in 2001-2002. Among men, the trend is lessclear. Data in Table 6.5 would indicate that age at first sex has been declining among younger men;however, the median age at first sex increased from 16.7 in 1996 to 18.0 in 2001-2002 among men age25-59.Other Determinants of Fertility │ 97
Table 6.5 Age at first sexual intercoursePercentage of women and men who had first sexual intercourse by specific exact ages and median age at firstintercourse, by current age, Zambia 2001-2002––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Percentage of women and men Percentage Number Medianwho had first sexual intercourse by exact age: who never of age at––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– had women/ firstCurrent age 15 18 20 22 25 intercourse men intercourse––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––WOMEN––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––15-19 17.5 na na na na 42.7 1,811 a20-24 18.4 62.2 81.2 na na 5.9 1,664 17.025-29 16.4 63.5 80.3 86.5 90.7 2.2 1,376 17.030-34 19.5 65.4 81.9 87.9 90.9 0.6 972 16.935-39 22.9 70.8 84.1 89.8 92.6 0.1 766 16.540-44 22.4 68.5 83.2 90.0 92.0 0.0 601 16.745-49 27.3 69.8 86.2 91.0 93.8 0.0 467 16.520-49 19.8 65.4 82.1 88.3 90.9 2.3 5,847 16.825-49 20.4 66.7 82.4 88.4 91.6 0.9 4,182 16.8––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––MEN––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––15-19 27.2 na na na na 36.5 459 a20-24 23.9 58.8 81.5 na na 7.8 346 17.025-29 18.7 57.7 75.8 86.4 92.8 1.3 361 16.830-34 13.3 53.0 72.6 86.4 93.8 0.5 281 17.635-39 19.6 53.0 67.7 81.2 88.5 0.4 241 17.440-44 17.4 47.9 75.5 87.5 95.7 0.0 174 18.145-49 8.8 40.0 57.9 76.0 83.8 0.5 113 18.850-54 7.2 34.3 66.1 83.9 90.2 0.0 100 18.755-59 6.1 29.0 45.1 66.5 84.4 0.0 71 20.420-59 17.0 51.7 72.2 84.8 91.3 2.1 1,686 17.825-59 15.2 49.8 69.8 83.5 91.2 0.6 1,341 18.0––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––na = Not applicableaOmitted because less than 50 percent of the women (men) had intercourse for the first time before reachingthe beginning of the age groupDifferentials in age at first sex by background characteristics are shown in Table 6.6. Urbanwomen and men have their first sexual experience at slightly older ages than their rural counterparts.Among both women and men, age at first sex appears to be the lowest in North-Western and Westernprovinces and highest in Northern province. The median age at first sex increases steadily as educationalattainment increases.98 │ Other Determinants of Fertility
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
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Thirty percent of households own a
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
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enrolment ratios suggest that educa
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3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
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Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
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3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
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Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
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Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
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non-agricultural occupations, since
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Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
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Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
Page 73 and 74: Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
Page 75 and 76: 3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
Page 83 and 84: As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 89 and 90: Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93 and 94: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 95 and 96: FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
Page 99 and 100: Seventy percent of currently marrie
Page 101: Table 5.4 Current use of contracept
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
Page 109 and 110: The pattern is slightly different f
Page 111 and 112: 5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
Page 115 and 116: Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
Page 117 and 118: Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
Page 119 and 120: Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
Page 121: Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 127 and 128: Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
Page 129 and 130: FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
Page 131 and 132: The above results show an increase
Page 133 and 134: 7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
Page 135 and 136: Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
Page 137 and 138: The mean ideal number of children f
Page 139 and 140: Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
Page 141 and 142: Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
Page 143 and 144: Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
Page 145 and 146: Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
Page 147 and 148: Only 27 percent of births are in a
Page 149 and 150: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
Page 151 and 152: Expectant mothers should beginanten
Page 153 and 154: There are particularly sharp differ
Page 155 and 156: Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
Page 157 and 158: Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
Page 159 and 160: Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
Page 161 and 162: Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
Page 163 and 164: Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
Page 165 and 166: No major variations were observed w
Page 167 and 168: Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
Page 169 and 170: Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
Page 171 and 172: Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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