Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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The male condom was reported to be the most commonly used method among currently marriedmen with about half of currently married men (51 percent) having used withdrawal at some time. Amongsexually active unmarried men, a large majority (70 percent) have used male condoms, while only 14percent have ever used natural family planning.5.3 CURRENT USE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHODSThe level of current use of contraceptive methods is one of the indicators most frequently used toassess the success of family planning programme activities. It is also widely used as a measure inanalysing the determinants of fertility. This section focuses on the levels and differentials in current use offamily planning.Table 5.4 shows the percent distribution of women who are currently using specific familyplanning methods by age. One in four women are currently using any contraceptive method. The use ofany contraceptive method increases with age, reaching its peak at age group 30-34 (38 percent) and thenstarts to decline. Modern methods are used by 17 percent of women, while only 8 percent are usingtraditional methods. The pill is the most commonly used method (8 percent) and the IUD, implant,female condom, and diaphragm/foam/jelly are the least used modern methods (less than 1 percent each).Four percent of women report using condoms, virtually all male condoms. Of the traditional methods,withdrawal is the most commonly used (3 percent) while natural family planning is the least used (1percent).Among currently married women, the pill (12 percent) and withdrawal (5 percent) are the mostcommonly used modern and traditional methods, respectively. After the condom (15 percent), the mostcommonly used modern method among sexually active unmarried women is the pill (10 percent), whilewithdrawal (2 percent) is the most widely used traditional method. More sexually active unmarriedwomen use a modern contraceptive method than currently married women (29 percent and 23 percent,respectively). This difference may be due to higher use of male condoms by sexually active unmarriedwomen (15 percent) than currently married women (4 percent).Current use of contraception among women has increased from 19 percent in 1996 to 25 percentin 2001-2002. Use of modern methods has increased from 11 percent to 17 percent, while use oftraditional methods has remained unchanged at 8 percent.74 │ Fertility Regulation
Table 5.4 Current use of contraceptionPercent distribution of all women, of currently married women, and of sexually active unmarried women by contraceptivemethod currently used, according to age, Zambia 2001-2002–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Modern methodTraditional method––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Female Fe- Dia- Any Rhythm/ NotAny Any steri- In- Male male phragm tradi- natural With- Other current- Numbermeth- modern lisa- ject- Im- con- con- foam/ tional family draw- meth- ly ofAge od method tion Pill IUD ables plants dom dom jelly method LAM 1 planning al ods using Total women–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––ALL WOMEN–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––15-19 10.1 7.7 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.9 0.0 4.0 0.1 0.0 2.4 0.5 0.2 1.1 0.6 89.9 100.0 1,81120-24 25.0 16.8 0.1 9.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 5.2 0.1 0.0 8.3 2.0 0.6 3.9 1.7 75.0 100.0 1,66425-29 32.6 22.8 0.4 12.1 0.0 4.6 0.3 5.3 0.1 0.0 9.7 2.6 1.1 4.2 1.8 67.4 100.0 1,37630-34 37.6 26.2 1.4 13.2 0.2 5.7 0.7 4.9 0.0 0.1 11.4 2.5 1.4 4.9 2.6 62.4 100.0 97235-39 31.4 21.2 3.8 9.9 0.1 4.5 0.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 10.1 2.2 1.7 3.6 2.6 68.6 100.0 76640-44 28.5 20.4 7.1 6.6 0.0 4.2 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.4 8.1 1.4 0.6 3.9 2.1 71.5 100.0 60145-49 13.4 8.7 4.4 2.4 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.2 0.9 1.2 2.3 86.6 100.0 467Total 24.6 17.2 1.5 8.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 4.0 0.0 0.1 7.5 1.7 0.8 3.2 1.7 75.4 100.0 7,6581996 19.2 11.2 1.4 5.2 0.3 0.7 na 3.5 na 0.1 7.9 na 1.5 2.9 3.5 80.8 100.0 8,0211992 11.6 7.0 1.5 3.5 0.4 0.1 na 1.4 na 0.1 4.6 na 0.8 1.9 1.7 88.4 100.0 7,060–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––CURRENTLY MARRIED WOMEN–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––15-19 25.5 17.1 0.0 8.6 0.0 2.6 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 8.4 1.9 0.4 3.7 2.3 74.5 100.0 43820-24 31.6 19.8 0.0 11.9 0.0 3.0 0.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 11.7 2.9 0.6 5.8 2.4 68.4 100.0 1,08625-29 36.4 24.3 0.4 14.2 0.0 5.2 0.3 4.1 0.1 0.0 12.1 3.3 1.2 5.4 2.2 63.6 100.0 1,05630-34 44.0 29.8 1.3 16.0 0.3 7.1 0.6 4.2 0.0 0.2 14.3 3.2 1.7 6.2 3.2 56.0 100.0 75635-39 36.9 24.3 4.4 11.6 0.2 5.2 0.9 2.1 0.0 0.0 12.6 2.8 2.1 4.5 3.2 63.1 100.0 59140-44 34.9 24.3 8.1 8.8 0.0 4.6 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.6 10.6 1.9 0.9 5.2 2.6 65.1 100.0 44945-49 18.4 12.0 6.0 3.6 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 6.4 0.3 1.0 1.7 3.3 81.6 100.0 318Total 34.2 22.6 2.0 11.9 0.1 4.5 0.3 3.8 0.0 0.1 11.6 2.7 1.1 5.1 2.7 65.8 100.0 4,6941996 25.9 14.4 2.0 7.2 0.4 1.0 na 3.5 na 0.1 11.5 na 1.9 4.5 5.2 74.1 100.0 4,9021992 15.2 8.9 2.1 4.3 0.5 0.1 na 1.8 na 0.1 6.3 na 0.9 3.0 2.2 84.8 100.0 4,457–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––SEXUALLY ACTIVE UNMARRIED WOMEN 2–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Total 32.5 29.3 1.3 9.7 0.0 2.9 0.4 15.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.4 0.7 1.5 0.6 67.5 100.0 3211996 24.0 17.9 0.0 5.1 0.0 0.8 na 11.6 na 0.3 6.1 na 3.9 1.1 1.1 76.0 100.0 4921992 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Note: If more than one method is used, only the most effective method is considered in this tabulation.1Lactational amenorrhoea method (LAM) is usually considered a modern method. However, analysis of the 2001-2002 ZDHS data indicatesthat many women confused it with simple breastfeeding so, rather than present misleading data, it was decided to classify LAM as a traditionalmethod.2Women who had sexual intercourse in the one month preceding the surveyna = Not applicable5.4 CURRENT USE OF CONTRACEPTION BY BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICSTable 5.5 presents the percent distribution of currently married women by current use of familyplanning methods, according to background characteristics. Current use of contraception varies withnumber of living children, residence, region and education level. The proportion currently usingcontraception increases with increasing number of children and with increasing level of education. Only4 percent of women without children are currently using contraceptive methods compared with at least 40percent of those with three or more children.Fertility Regulation │ 75
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ZambiaDemographic andHealth Survey2
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This report summarises the findings
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Page3.6 Women’s Employment ......
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Page11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake amo
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PageA.7 Sample Selection ..........
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PageTable 3.11 Decision on use of e
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Table 7.7 Wanted fertility rates ..
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PageTable 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AI
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PREFACEThe Zambia Demographic and H
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FAMILY PLANNINGKnowledge of contrac
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According to mothers’ reports, ar
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ZAMBIALake TanganyikaLake MweruTanz
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The 1980s marked the start of the f
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the peripheral structures. An impor
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ing in private households in the co
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subjects agreed) received a referra
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confidentiality.Finally, in additio
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND2R
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Figure 2.2 Distribution of De Facto
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2.4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSEHOLD
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Figure 2.3 Percent Distribution of
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Figure 2.4 Net and Gross Attendance
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2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS ANDHOUS
Page 49 and 50: Thirty percent of households own a
Page 51 and 52: CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS3AND
Page 53 and 54: enrolment ratios suggest that educa
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 LITERACYThe ability to read is
Page 57 and 58: Figure 3.1 Youth Literacy100 Percen
Page 59 and 60: 3.5 MEN’S EMPLOYMENTMale responde
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.6 Occupation: menPercent di
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.8 Employment status: womenP
Page 65 and 66: non-agricultural occupations, since
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.12 Women’s control over e
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.14.1 Women’s participatio
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.14.2 Women’s participatio
Page 73 and 74: Table 3.15.1 Women’s attitudes to
Page 75 and 76: 3.7.3 Attitudes toward Refusing Sex
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.16.2 Men’s attitudes towa
Page 79 and 80: Table 3.17.1 Smoking of tobacco: wo
Page 81 and 82: FERTILITY4Richard Banda and Margare
Page 83 and 84: As the comparison in Figure 4.1 ind
Page 85 and 86: Figure 4.3 Total Fertility Rate by
Page 87 and 88: Table 4.4 Trends in fertility by ba
Page 89 and 90: Results from the 2001-2002 ZDHS ind
Page 91 and 92: The median birth interval is 33 mon
Page 93 and 94: 4.6 TEENAGE FERTILITYAdolescent chi
Page 95 and 96: FERTILITY REGULATION5Mika Bwembya a
Page 97 and 98: Table 5.1.2 Knowledge of contracept
Page 99: Seventy percent of currently marrie
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.7 Number of children at fir
Page 107 and 108: Table 5.10 Source of contraceptionP
Page 109 and 110: The pattern is slightly different f
Page 111 and 112: 5.14 EXPOSURE TO FAMILY PLANNING ME
Page 113 and 114: Table 5.16.1 Exposure to specific r
Page 115 and 116: Table 5.17 shows that 18 percent of
Page 117 and 118: Table 5.19 Attitudes of couples tow
Page 119 and 120: Table 6.1 shows that one-fourth of
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.3 Age at first marriagePerc
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.5 Age at first sexual inter
Page 125 and 126: Table 6.7.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 127 and 128: Almost four in ten (38 percent) of
Page 129 and 130: FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND UNMET NEE
Page 131 and 132: The above results show an increase
Page 133 and 134: 7.3 UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNINGW
Page 135 and 136: Figure 7.4 Unmet Need for Spacing a
Page 137 and 138: The mean ideal number of children f
Page 139 and 140: Table 7.7 shows the total wanted fe
Page 141 and 142: Fifty-nine percent of all neonatal
Page 143 and 144: Table 8.3 Early childhood mortality
Page 145 and 146: Table 8.5 Early childhood mortality
Page 147 and 148: Only 27 percent of births are in a
Page 149 and 150: MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH9Miriam Ch
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Expectant mothers should beginanten
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There are particularly sharp differ
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Table 9.5 Place of deliveryPercent
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Table 9.7 shows that only 2 percent
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Table 9.8 Postnatal carePercent dis
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Table 9.9 Visits by health workersP
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Table 9.10.2 Neighbourhood Health C
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No major variations were observed w
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Table 9.13 Vaccinations by backgrou
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Table 9.14 Prevalence of injections
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Eastern province has the highest pr
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Table 9.18 Diarrhoea treatmentPerce
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Table 9.20 Household knowledge and
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10.1.1 Use of Bednets by Children a
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Table 10.4 Use of antimalarial drug
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Luapula province has the highest pe
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INFANT FEEDING, NUTRITIONAL PRACTIC
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than half (51 percent) of the infan
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tamination after cleaning, the nipp
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11.2 COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING11.2.1 Ty
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Few children under two years of age
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Table 11.6 Iodisation of household
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11.3.2 Micronutrient Intake among C
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11.3.3 Micronutrient Supplementatio
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11.4 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYFood se
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Table 11.12 Nutritional status of c
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Table 11.12 indicates that children
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VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN 12Mary Kazun
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Table 12.2 Experience of beatings o
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Results show that almost eight out
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Table 12.5 Experience of sexual vio
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More than four out of ten never-mar
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AIDS/HIV/STI-RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND1
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Table 13.2 Knowledge of ways to avo
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Knowledge of HIV prevention methods
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Table 13.5 Discussion of HIV/AIDS w
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The view that HIV status of a famil
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Table 13.8 Knowledge of “Trendset
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Figure 13.1 Unmet Need for HIV Test
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Table 13.10 Men's attitudes toward
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Men in sales and services and skill
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Table 13.13 Alcohol consumption by
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Table 13.14.2 Knowledge of symptoms
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The peak age for having STI symptom
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used condoms, 34 percent took medic
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The practice of having multiple par
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Table 13.21 Use of condoms by type
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PREVALENCE OF HIV AND SYPHILIS 14Ku
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14.1.2 Coverage for HIV Testing by
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14.1.3 Approach to Weighting Syphil
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14.2 SYPHILIS PREVALENCE RATES 1Tab
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Table 14.8 Syphilis prevalence by a
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The 2001-2002 ZDHS data can be used
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Figure 14.2 illustrates the distinc
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Figure 14.3 HIV Prevalence AmongWom
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ADULT MORTALITY15Ann A. WayData col
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Table 15.2 Adult mortality ratesDir
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While again not definitive, the res
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124 | ReferencesGaisie, K., A. Cros
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SAMPLE DESIGNAppendix AA.1 INTRODUC
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Table A.2. Expected number of selec
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Similarly, a total of 2,658 potenti
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Table A.5 Sample implementation: me
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for selec
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for sele
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for sele
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DATA QUALITY TABLESAppendix CTable
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Table C.3 Completeness of reporting
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Table C.6 Reporting of age at death
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Provincial CoordinatorsMr Martin Nj
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Data Processing StaffMr Mathews Muv
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286 | Appendix E
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we would like
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LINENO.USUAL RESIDENTSAND VISITORSR
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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INFORMED CONSENT FOR SYPHILIS AND H
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September 28, 20012001 ZAMBIA DEMOG
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SECTION 1. RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUN
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SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIONNO. QUESTION
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212 213 214 215 216 217IF ALIVE:218
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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NO. QUESTION AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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407AWhere did the first antenatal v
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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NAMELAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST-BIRTHNAM
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SECTION 4B. IMMUNIZATION, HEALTH AN
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTHNAMENAM
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH474B CH
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LAST BIRTHNEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH480 Wha
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NO QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CAT
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SECTION 5. MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTI
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SECTION 6. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND AND
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SECTION 9. MATERNAL MORTALITYNO. QU
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904 What wasname given toyour oldes
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NAME OF EDITOR:____________________
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SUPERVISOR FIELD EDITOR OFFICE EDIT
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14 Have you heard of any other ways
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SECTION 5. FERTILITY PREFERENCESNO.
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SECTION 7. AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY
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Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001-2002 - Measure DHS

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