Mat<strong>the</strong>w Biniyam KursahTRITA LWR Master Thesisburning should be done many hours before <strong>the</strong>y go to sleep in <strong>the</strong> roomto avoid inhaling particulates <strong>and</strong> smog generated by <strong>the</strong> burning.Scientists <strong>and</strong> EpidemiologistsThis research raised an inconclusive view about <strong>the</strong> exact effects <strong>of</strong>burning mosquito coils on respiratory diseases, <strong>and</strong> as such recommendsto scientists <strong>and</strong> epidemiologists to investigate <strong>the</strong> matter fur<strong>the</strong>r <strong>and</strong>helps resolve <strong>the</strong> puzzles. The Food <strong>and</strong> Drugs Board (FDB) is alsourged to step fur<strong>the</strong>r <strong>and</strong> educate people on <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> mosquito’s coils<strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r repellents.Policy Direction <strong>and</strong> FocusThe policy for <strong>the</strong> country must be made clear as noted by Nsiah-Gyabaah (2001) <strong>and</strong> accept that <strong>water</strong> has no substitute <strong>and</strong> could be <strong>the</strong>oil crisis <strong>of</strong> 21 st century. More investment from <strong>the</strong> government is needed,while Public Private Partnership (PPP), BOT or BOOT could beencouraged in a way that will not over privatised <strong>water</strong> <strong>and</strong> increase costfor <strong>the</strong> people. In whichever investment type that dominates, access <strong>and</strong>affordability <strong>of</strong> <strong>water</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> involvement <strong>of</strong> local people in <strong>the</strong> wholeprocess must be <strong>the</strong> priority <strong>of</strong> any <strong>water</strong> policy.Fur<strong>the</strong>r Research areas1. A research on accessibility <strong>of</strong> health care <strong>and</strong> health services in <strong>the</strong>district is required to fully underst<strong>and</strong> spatial <strong>dynamics</strong> <strong>of</strong> health issues in<strong>the</strong> district since some people may not attend hospitals or clinics eventhough <strong>the</strong>y are ill – due to several reasons. In this case, it may beinappropriate to use hospitals or clinics records (as I did) as basis fordetermine <strong>the</strong> relation between <strong>space</strong> <strong>and</strong> disease patterns. This is whereresearch on health accessibility will be important.2. Also, <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> burning mosquito coils <strong>and</strong> plant matter on RTIneed fur<strong>the</strong>r specific scientific study.3. Fur<strong>the</strong>r research is needed to fully discovered reasons why<strong>water</strong>courses do not influence Malaria rates in Saboba district.60
Water <strong>sources</strong>, <strong>infrastructure</strong>, <strong>space</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>dynamics</strong> <strong>of</strong> environmental diseases in Saboba District: Using GISReferencesAllotey, J., Baidoo, A. <strong>and</strong> Mårtensson, U., (1999). “Best Practices <strong>of</strong> Environmental InformationSystems (EIS): The Case <strong>of</strong> Ghana”, In: Prévost, Y.A. <strong>and</strong> Gilruth, P. 1999. TowardsEnvironmentally Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, Environmental Information Systemsin Sub-Saharan Africa, EIS Publications: Post UNCED Series, pp 1-10.Arapto, P. <strong>and</strong> Adisenu, E., (2006). Challenges <strong>of</strong> Community Participation in an Integrated Watsan Project ina Peri-urban Set up: The Case <strong>of</strong> Old Ningo. PRONET, Accra.Benneh, G., Awusabo-Asare, K.., Abane, A. M., Kendie, S. B. <strong>and</strong> Delali, B. M., (1998). A Report onPopulation, Poverty <strong>and</strong> Environmental Degradation in <strong>the</strong> Western Region <strong>of</strong> Ghana, United NationsFund for Population Activties (UNFPA), Accra.Botterweg, T. <strong>and</strong> Rodda D. W., (1999). “Danube River Basin: Progress with <strong>the</strong> EnvironmentalProgramme”, Water Science <strong>and</strong> Technology, 40 (10), pp 1-8.Cohen, J., (1988). Statistical power analysis for <strong>the</strong> behavioural sciences, (2nd ed.) Hillsdale, NJ: LawrenceErlbaum Associates.Centre for Remote Sensing <strong>and</strong> Geographic Information Service (2007). GIS data for Saboba-Chereponi District, CERGIS, University <strong>of</strong> Ghana, Legon.Demsetz H., (1967). “Toward a Theory <strong>of</strong> Property Rights”, American Economic Review, 57 (May1967), pp 354-356.DHMT – District Health Management Team, (2006). Annual Health Report, Ghana Health Service,Saboba District, Saboba.Ehin, P., (2003). Theoretical approaches to public participation, MANTRA-East working report, February2003, Tartu, Estonia.Gardner-Outlaw, T. <strong>and</strong> Engelman, R., (1997). Sustaining <strong>water</strong>, easing scarcity (2 nd ed), PopulationAction International, Washington DC.GGWEP – Ghana Guinea Worms Eradication Programme (2006). Guinea Worm Race: Districts inNor<strong>the</strong>rn Ghana, Ghana Health Service, Accra.Ghana (1994). Ghana Population Policy, Ministry <strong>of</strong> Finance, Accra.Ghana Statistical Service (2000). Ghana Living St<strong>and</strong>ards Survey Report: Fourth Round, Ghana StatisticalService, AccraGhana Statistical Service (2005a). 2000 Population <strong>and</strong> Housing Census: Analysis <strong>of</strong> National Data <strong>and</strong>Implications for Planning, Ghana Statistical Service, Accra.Ghana Statistical Service (2005b). 2000 Population <strong>and</strong> Housing Census: Analysis <strong>of</strong> District Data <strong>and</strong>Implications for Planning, Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Region, Ghana Statistical Service, Accra.Ghana Statistical Service (2005c). Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire (CWIQ II) Survey Report 2003,Ghana Statistical Service, Accra, Ghana.Gleick, P. H., (2002a). Dirty <strong>water</strong>: estimated deaths from <strong>water</strong>-related diseases, 2000-2020. Pacific InstituteResearch, California.Gleick, P. H., (2002b). The world’s <strong>water</strong>: biennial report on fresh<strong>water</strong> re<strong>sources</strong> 2002-2003, Isl<strong>and</strong> Press,Washington D.C.Goulet, D., (1986). “Three Rationalities in Development Decision Making”, World Development, 14(2), pp 301-317.Hardin, G., (1968). “The Tragedy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Commons”, Science, 162, pp 1243-1248.Huisman, P., de Jong, J. <strong>and</strong> Wieriks, J.P., (2000). “Transboundary cooperation in shared riverbasins: experiences from Rhine, <strong>and</strong> North Sea”, Water Policy 2 (12), pp 83-97.Integrated Development Centre, IDC, (2004). Implementation <strong>of</strong> Poverty Alleviation Fund, IDC, Saboba.Kendie, S.B., (1997). Opportunities for Resource Management <strong>and</strong> Sustainable Rural Development Systems,Presented at <strong>the</strong> International Seminar on Sustainable Rural Development in Sub-SaharanAfrican. July 21-25, UNDP, AccraNsiah-Gyabah, K., (2001). The Looming national dilemma <strong>of</strong> <strong>water</strong> crisis in peri-Urban areas in Ghana,DFID, Kumasi, Ghana.61
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