Water <strong>sources</strong>, <strong>infrastructure</strong>, <strong>space</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>dynamics</strong> <strong>of</strong> environmental diseases in Saboba District: Using GISerosion leading to <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> gullies. The area consists <strong>of</strong> mainlygrassl<strong>and</strong>, interspersed with guinea savannah woodl<strong>and</strong> characterised bydrought resistant trees like baobab, sheanut, acacia <strong>and</strong> neem.Population <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> areaAccording to Ghana Statistical Service, GSS, (2005a) <strong>the</strong> population <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> former Saboba-Chereponi District in 2000 was 93,847 with 47,051(50.1%) being females <strong>and</strong> 46,796 (49.9%) males. The population wasestimated to be 113,087 in 2005, <strong>of</strong> which about half <strong>of</strong> it could be <strong>the</strong>population <strong>of</strong> Saboba district alone. The growth rate is estimated to be2.9% <strong>and</strong> sex ratio is 99.5. The population in <strong>the</strong> district have beenincreasing considerably due to high birth rate <strong>and</strong> reducing death rates.Ano<strong>the</strong>r factor is <strong>the</strong> return <strong>of</strong> Konkombas (indigenes) from <strong>the</strong> nearbydistricts after <strong>the</strong> 1994 ethnic conflict <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> booming <strong>of</strong> tradingactivities. The 1994 ethnic conflict between Konkombas <strong>and</strong> Kombas onone h<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Dagombas, Nanumbas <strong>and</strong> Mamprusis on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rcaused many Konkombas to move to Saboba district where many <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>m consider as <strong>the</strong>ir “native” place. The movement <strong>of</strong> Konkombas toSaboba area is still occurring, but on a limited scale. The urbanpopulation is less than 20%. The population <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> district is made up <strong>of</strong>mainly one ethnic group, Konkombas (indigenes), who form over 80%<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> district’s population. O<strong>the</strong>r minor ethnic groups are <strong>the</strong> Moshies,Ewes, Basaris, Dagaatis <strong>and</strong> Akans. Varied religious bodies such asChristianity, Traditional African Religion <strong>and</strong> Islam exist.Economic Activities <strong>and</strong> Agricultural L<strong>and</strong> useMore than 80% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population in <strong>the</strong> district is engaged in rain-fedsubsistent agriculture. Cultivable l<strong>and</strong> area is about 40% with extension<strong>of</strong>ficer/farmer ratio <strong>of</strong> 1:5,996 (District Planning Coordinating Unit,2002). There is only one farming season, which coincides with <strong>the</strong> rainsfrom April to October. The hoes <strong>and</strong> bullocks are <strong>the</strong> main methods <strong>of</strong>l<strong>and</strong> preparation. However, tractor ploughing is increasingly being used<strong>of</strong> late, due to <strong>the</strong> so-called mechanisation <strong>of</strong> agriculture. The people areengaged in both food <strong>and</strong> cash crop production such as rice, maize,millet, yam, cassava, cotton <strong>and</strong> cashew. The inhabitants also rear (freerange)animals like cattle, goats, sheep, pigs <strong>and</strong> poultry. Trading, foodprocessing, fishing, pottery <strong>and</strong> shea butter processing are <strong>the</strong>commercial <strong>and</strong> small-scale industrial activities undertaken in <strong>the</strong> district.Studies conducted by <strong>the</strong> District Assembly <strong>and</strong> Integrated DevelopmentCentre (2004) show that women are engaged in only <strong>the</strong> less skillintensiveactivities such as petty trading <strong>and</strong> pottery due to little/noeducational background <strong>and</strong> ownership <strong>of</strong> capital.Education, Transport <strong>and</strong> Social FacilitiesFormal education was first introduced to <strong>the</strong> inhabitants in 1944, <strong>and</strong> hassprung up subsequently after <strong>the</strong> introduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> policy <strong>of</strong> FreeCompulsory Basic Education by <strong>the</strong> Convention People’s Party (CPP)Government in 1950/60s. There are currently one Senior High School,one Technical institute <strong>and</strong> several Junior High Schools, primaries <strong>and</strong>day-nurseries in <strong>the</strong> district. None <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> roads within Saboba district ismotorable in all seasons. The roads are all paved <strong>and</strong> gravelled type, withfeatures <strong>of</strong> third class category. Also present are all categories <strong>of</strong>footpaths. Basic social amenities like health centres, pipe borne <strong>water</strong><strong>and</strong> electricity are also present.9
OberadeYusungaManieBilyimbaMat<strong>the</strong>w Biniyam KursahBaguliNadugu No.1FaliPhysical Map <strong>of</strong> Saboba DistrictWabonAsareGarikukaMagie Ug<strong>and</strong>oJilmaKinabusiaSambangTRITA LWR Master ThesisNakaku No. 1TekasuKukpeneKokoliWalaKunjuulW. Utindan-do Kpardor MulpedoJanbokBitin-do ZegbeliTogin TombuAcheridoInagmabuniSagbe Old NambiriNakpeuNaatagBukobChakpelangbini WagbalTingbalShegbini Wajori BiwaldoSanguliJabuniNafecheli³LifurTisung JagridoKpeguKpasasene Nalogni No. 2YankaziaUnidoBodulSobibaWadejoKuwaniNakpalNayiliToma BorgbalnBuriburniNabuar Nalogni!.KiteekKujoniNakpani BukpamMpeasemGarimataKacheKujoni WayuubKungibJajelNakuru KabonbuSaladoNansonKuchaKudaniGbaniSambuli KuchachbuniWadigKudok KutuliPoon-BamSettlementsRiversContoursRoadsL<strong>and</strong> Surface!. Water BodiesFigure 1: Physical Map <strong>of</strong> Saboba DistrictBoaduNanwalbuJamboKpalbaBichaanGnalajodoWambong Demon GbonYakaliJamoni1: 400000Cultural Practices <strong>and</strong> BeliefsThe indigenes <strong>of</strong> Saboba district practice patrilineal system <strong>of</strong>inheritance. However, education, Christianity <strong>and</strong> westernisation haveinfiltrated <strong>and</strong> changed some cultural practices. Culturally, women arenot greatly involved in general decision making <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> society. There hasbeen <strong>and</strong> still a stereotyped belief that women’s roles are mainlyhousehold duties, thus, fetching <strong>water</strong>, cooking, washing dishes <strong>and</strong>cloths, bathing <strong>and</strong> caring for <strong>the</strong> young ones, while <strong>the</strong> men’s duty areto provide security, shelter, food <strong>and</strong> defence for <strong>the</strong> family. Men are<strong>the</strong>refore supreme in <strong>the</strong> family <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir decisions are <strong>of</strong>ten final. It isnot surprising to hear sentences like; upii mu ye ba?,aah! gma mu tii upii10
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