From poverty to power - Oxfam-Québec

FROM POVERTY TO POWERtransnational corporations 172, 173t,177–8; Treatment Action Campaign(TAC) 234, 242–4, 329, 332; war andconflict 284; Women on Farms Project160South Korea:arms trade 399; corruption 346; democratisation79, 82, 83; economic growth82, 83, 88, 90, 92, 93, 179, 183, 187–8b;aseffective state 12, 92, 93, 95, 101; financialcrisis 298, 311; international aid 354, 367;international trade issues 319; landreform 71, 75t, 82; trade liberalisation186; transnational corporations 173tSoviet Union (former) 79, 224, 234, 261b,277 see also RussiaSpain 79, 327, 333, 337, 354, 410Sphere Project 255, 391Sri Lanka 44, 49, 75t, 247, 248b, 251–2, 276,277, 340Structural Adjustment ParticipatoryReview Initiative (SAPRI) 298–300structural adjustment programmes (SAPs):agriculture and 120–1, 139–40; civilsociety activism and 32; criticisms of 32,82, 120–1, 140, 210, 220, 227, 298, 300;and debt crises 120, 227, 306; and internationaltrade 186; see also underInternational Monetary Fund; WorldBankSudan 179, 200, 225–6b, 281, 282, 336b, 395,399 see also Darfursustainable development 15, 113, 342, 407,408, 416, 436, 443Taiwan:agricultural issues 121; democratisation79, 82; economic growth 11, 82, 88, 92,93, 170, 179, 183, 187–8b; as effectivestate 12, 92, 93, 94b, 95; inequalityreduced 4, 11; international aid 354, 367;international trade issues 320; andreform 71, 82; transnational corporations173t, 175, 176Tanzania 83, 84, 101, 269technology:access to 27, 53; and agriculture 127–30,131b, 133, 142; ‘appropriate’ 57, 266;biotechnology 56, 129; in climate changeresponse 56, 266, 419–20, 421, 423; indeveloping countries 53, 56, 57, 326–7,419; development and 27, 35, 55, 326–7,419, 443; for disease control 55–6;inequality and 55–7; and intellectualproperty laws 57, 323, 326; private sectorinvolvement 14, 56–7, 128; and publicservices 48–9; transfer of 14, 168, 170,175, 176, 331, 335, 420Thailand 124–5, 169, 232, 248b, 311, 330trade liberalisation:agriculture and 112, 186, 227, 295, 297,299, 320; benefits of 186; criticisms of 98,112, 181–2, 186–7, 227, 297, 299; indeveloping countries 186, 297; andeconomic growth 181–2, 186–7, 194;employment and 112, 117, 299; forcedliberalisation 15, 319; internationalfinancial institutions and 186, 187b, 295,302trade unions:alliances 59, 63, 65, 84, 298, 348; alternatives160–1, 162–3b; benefits 156, 158,160; challenges to 41, 82, 154, 158–61;labour rights campaigns 158, 160–3,164–5, 167, 348, 351; political involvement41, 160, 163; women’s involvement159, 160–1; see also producer organisationstransnational corporations (TNCs):accountability 89, 341, 346, 348, 349–50b,351; and active citizenship 341b, 342b,351–2; agriculture and 56, 123–4, 142;in the arms trade 281, 293, 316, 345, 346,399; and climate change 344; andcommodity value chains 171, 344–5;competition laws 348–9; corporatelobbying 171, 326, 327, 343–4, 348, 350b,389, 415, 418; corporate social responsibility157, 171, 176–7, 347, 349–50b, 351;corruption 345–7; and developingcountries 172, 173t, 174, 175–6, 342,345–6, 347, 351; and effective states 351,352; environmental impacts 176, 177,341, 342b; foreign direct investment(FDI) 172, 173t, 174, 175–6, 319, 341b,343, 351; global governance and 341,343, 350b; government relationships 171,175–6, 178, 315–16, 343, 344; growth of343, 344–5; human rights and 349–50b;influence of 169, 171, 172, 341, 343–4,345; and intellectual property laws 326,327, 328, 329, 330, 344; internationaltrade and 299, 323, 343, 344; labourrights and 65, 176, 345, 348, 349b, 351;520