From poverty to power - Oxfam-Québec
From poverty to power - Oxfam-Québec From poverty to power - Oxfam-Québec
INDEXissues 333, 338; levels of 334; managementof 338–40; poverty and 2, 333, 337;refugees 277, 279, 397–8, 401; remittances334–5, 336b; temporary 339–40;by young people 333, 334Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)5, 8, 43, 355t, 356, 382Morocco 67–9, 75t, 151, 157; NationalGroup for the Protection of theMoroccan Family (Organisme nationalpour la protection de la familleMarocaine) 68; Plan of Action for theIntegration of Women in Development(PANIFD) 67–8; Union de l’ActionFeminine (UAF) 67Mozambique 101, 102, 249–50, 263, 266,277, 286, 365Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI)306, 307–8Myanmar 105, 335, 399, 403natural disasters:as change agent 286–7, 442; civil societyrunprotection programmes 251, 252–3b,253; climate change and 248, 257, 258,259–60, 261–7, 406; community-baseddisaster programmes 251, 252–3b, 263,264–5; in developed countries 246, 252b;in developing countries 246, 252–3b;drought 147, 148, 199, 200–1, 228, 246,260; earthquakes 14, 74, 202, 245, 254,286, 287; effective states and 246, 249–50,249b, 253; floods 199, 246, 247, 249–50,251, 253, 260, 264, 406; global governanceand 293, 402; human securityapproach 249b, 250–4, 256; hurricanes246, 251, 252–3b, 253; internationalhumanitarian relief efforts 248–9b,249–50, 254–6, 385, 386; property rightsand 74; as a risk issue 200, 245–51,248–9b, 252–3b, 253–6, 402; risk reductionstrategies 249–51, 252–3b, 253–4, 261–7;tsunamis 246, 247, 248–9b, 251–2, 254,287; and vulnerability 14, 201, 202f,245–6, 250, 255, 293; women and 246–7,259; see also hunger and faminenatural resources 88–9, 93, 109, 113, 114,282, 285, 345, 351, 400Nepal 79, 276, 319, 403Netherlands 297, 344, 364NGOs:accountability of 254–5, 374–8, 390–1;active citizenship and 13, 138, 146, 147,373, 376, 379, 380; alliances 53, 63, 65, 66,372; on the arms trade 372, 399; andchange 438, 439, 440–3, 444; on corporatesocial responsibility 347; criticisms of368, 371, 373–4, 376, 441–3, 444; anddebt relief 211, 308–9; effective statesupport 13, 373, 379, 380; food aidprogrammes 211, 255; global governanceinvolvement 357, 379; governments 357,371, 373, 374, 376; growth of 371–3;HIV and AIDS support 231, 329; ininternational aid 354, 356–7, 358–9,371–4; international humanitarian reliefinvolvement 254, 264, 385, 387, 390–1,397; international NGOs (INGOs) 354,356–7, 358–9, 371–4, 379–80; justicecampaigns 98; on labour rights 151, 161,165, 345, 348; on landmine use 403, 404;microfinance involvement 222; publicservice provision 48, 373, 374; role of372–4, 379–80, 443, 444; short-termism373–4; and social protection measures209, 211, 212–13, 372, 374; and transnationalcorporations 169, 178, 341b,342b, 344, 348, 350b, 351Nicaragua:Christian Medical Action (CMA) 265;civil society activism 61, 138, 161; climatechange issues 265; co-operatives 138;corruption 286–7; education provision44; inequality 8; international aid 364;land reform 75t; Maria Elena CuadraWomen’s Movement (MEC) 61, 161;natural disasters 286–7; Rural Co-operativeWomen’s Federation 138Niger 238–9, 386Nigeria:agricultural issues 133, 134; co-operatives134; corruption 88; domesticviolence 275; education provision 40;health care provision 40; and internationalfinancial institutions 308;natural resources 88, 89; political issues83; violence 282–3North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) 166b, 323Norway 2, 88–9, 309–10, 403517
FROM POVERTY TO POWERPacific region 155–6, 323; Solomon IslandsNatural Resources and Rights Coalition54Pakistan 46, 63, 75t, 97, 101, 276, 335Palestine 50, 81, 284–5, 398Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness(2005) 28, 366–7, 375, 377, 378Peru 54, 75t, 99–100, 144–5, 260, 279, 309,331Philippines:agricultural issues 129; civil societyactivism 60, 307; on debt relief 307;democratisation 79; as effective state 101;employment issues 165; financial crisis311; fishing industry 127b; intellectualproperty laws 330; land reform 75t, 76;migration 340; property rights issues 74politics:as change agent 439–40; civil societyinvolvement 60–1, 64–6, 84–5; andeffective states 95–7, 183; in internationalhumanitarian relief 386–7; politicalparties 11, 21, 61, 80, 84–5; producerorganisation involvement 137; andreligion 38–9, 92; and trade unions 41,160, 163; and violence 79, 81, 277;women’s involvement 83, 84; and youngpeople 35, 61; see also governmentspoverty:and access to information 53–4, 133, 204;and agriculture 121–3, 133, 141, 144;democracy and 80, 82–3; disease and2–3, 9, 232; economic growth and 5, 6,10, 179–81, 189–90, 191, 195–6; andeducation 9, 10, 11, 40–1, 42–4; andemployment 148–9, 150, 157, 166; andfood production 9–10, 142–3, 227; healthand 7, 8, 9, 11, 40, 231–2; human rightsand 27–8, 208; justice system and 11,97–8; markets and 7, 14, 108, 195–6, 220;migration and 2, 333, 337; and powerlessness7, 11, 27, 28, 86, 104; propertyrights and 58–9, 70, 71–2; reductionmeasures see poverty reduction; and risk11, 120, 198, 199–200, 203, 245, 247, 248,288; rural poverty 8, 119, 120, 121, 133,196, 203; and transnational corporations171, 176–7, 344; violence and 27, 200,274, 277, 278–9, 280; vulnerability and14, 120, 156, 199, 201, 203, 246, 247–8,288poverty reduction:active citizenship and 20, 144, 429; civilsociety involvement 61, 300, 301, 307;and climate change 266, 408, 410, 413,417, 419; from economic growth 110,180, 204, 429; effective states’ role 141–2;global governance role 292–4, 429; andinternational aid 354, 359b, 360b, 361b,362b; and international financial institutions7, 300; international trade role318; and redistribution of wealth179–80, 429; social protection measures207, 208, 211, 212–16, 214–15bpower:active citizenship 19, 20, 29, 439; changeand 433; democracy and 81, 103; andelites 28, 29, 30; and global governance293–4, 424; and human rights 23, 24,28–30; nature of 28–9; and poverty 7, 11,27, 28, 86, 104private sector:active citizenship and 14, 178; agricultureand 56, 123–6, 128, 132, 133; biofuelproduction 132; climate change strategies267, 418–19; corruption 48, 86, 87; debtrelief involvement 308–9; developingcountries involvement 123–5, 313; ineconomic growth 14, 163, 169–70, 196;effective states and 14, 163–4, 169, 170–1,178, 183; fast food chains 125–6, 137,419; in financial crises 313, 314; financialsector liberalisation 299, 313; in ‘flexibilisation’of labour 157, 159f; in HIV andAIDS protection 234–5; internationalhumanitarian relief 391; labour rightsand 65, 163, 164–5, 169, 170, 299; microfinanceand 221–3; ‘race to the bottom’166–7, 176, 351; regulation and 48, 57,163, 170; small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) 169–71, 178; ‘stop doingharm’ agenda 293, 429; supermarkets125, 144, 164, 165, 177–8; supply chains157, 159f, 164–5, 345, 348, 350; technologyand 14, 56–7, 128, 168, 170, 175,176; vulture funds 308, 309; see alsomarkets; transnational corporationsproducer organisations (POs) 134–5,135–6b, 136–8, 139property rights:agricultural land 58–9, 72, 73, 75t, 76–7,122f, 142; civil society campaigns 58–9,73, 74, 76; and development 71–3; and518
- Page 484 and 485: NOTES138 Information gathered from
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- Page 492 and 493: BIBLIOGRAPHYCastillo, G. and M. Bro
- Page 494 and 495: BIBLIOGRAPHYCozijnsen, J., D. Dudek
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- Page 518 and 519: GLOSSARYCarbon tradingComparativead
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INDEXissues 333, 338; levels of 334; managemen<strong>to</strong>f 338–40; <strong>poverty</strong> and 2, 333, 337;refugees 277, 279, 397–8, 401; remittances334–5, 336b; temporary 339–40;by young people 333, 334Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)5, 8, 43, 355t, 356, 382Morocco 67–9, 75t, 151, 157; NationalGroup for the Protection of theMoroccan Family (Organisme nationalpour la protection de la familleMarocaine) 68; Plan of Action for theIntegration of Women in Development(PANIFD) 67–8; Union de l’ActionFeminine (UAF) 67Mozambique 101, 102, 249–50, 263, 266,277, 286, 365Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI)306, 307–8Myanmar 105, 335, 399, 403natural disasters:as change agent 286–7, 442; civil societyrunprotection programmes 251, 252–3b,253; climate change and 248, 257, 258,259–60, 261–7, 406; community-baseddisaster programmes 251, 252–3b, 263,264–5; in developed countries 246, 252b;in developing countries 246, 252–3b;drought 147, 148, 199, 200–1, 228, 246,260; earthquakes 14, 74, 202, 245, 254,286, 287; effective states and 246, 249–50,249b, 253; floods 199, 246, 247, 249–50,251, 253, 260, 264, 406; global governanceand 293, 402; human securityapproach 249b, 250–4, 256; hurricanes246, 251, 252–3b, 253; internationalhumanitarian relief efforts 248–9b,249–50, 254–6, 385, 386; property rightsand 74; as a risk issue 200, 245–51,248–9b, 252–3b, 253–6, 402; risk reductionstrategies 249–51, 252–3b, 253–4, 261–7;tsunamis 246, 247, 248–9b, 251–2, 254,287; and vulnerability 14, 201, 202f,245–6, 250, 255, 293; women and 246–7,259; see also hunger and faminenatural resources 88–9, 93, 109, 113, 114,282, 285, 345, 351, 400Nepal 79, 276, 319, 403Netherlands 297, 344, 364NGOs:accountability of 254–5, 374–8, 390–1;active citizenship and 13, 138, 146, 147,373, 376, 379, 380; alliances 53, 63, 65, 66,372; on the arms trade 372, 399; andchange 438, 439, 440–3, 444; on corporatesocial responsibility 347; criticisms of368, 371, 373–4, 376, 441–3, 444; anddebt relief 211, 308–9; effective statesupport 13, 373, 379, 380; food aidprogrammes 211, 255; global governanceinvolvement 357, 379; governments 357,371, 373, 374, 376; growth of 371–3;HIV and AIDS support 231, 329; ininternational aid 354, 356–7, 358–9,371–4; international humanitarian reliefinvolvement 254, 264, 385, 387, 390–1,397; international NGOs (INGOs) 354,356–7, 358–9, 371–4, 379–80; justicecampaigns 98; on labour rights 151, 161,165, 345, 348; on landmine use 403, 404;microfinance involvement 222; publicservice provision 48, 373, 374; role of372–4, 379–80, 443, 444; short-termism373–4; and social protection measures209, 211, 212–13, 372, 374; and transnationalcorporations 169, 178, 341b,342b, 344, 348, 350b, 351Nicaragua:Christian Medical Action (CMA) 265;civil society activism 61, 138, 161; climatechange issues 265; co-operatives 138;corruption 286–7; education provision44; inequality 8; international aid 364;land reform 75t; Maria Elena CuadraWomen’s Movement (MEC) 61, 161;natural disasters 286–7; Rural Co-operativeWomen’s Federation 138Niger 238–9, 386Nigeria:agricultural issues 133, 134; co-operatives134; corruption 88; domesticviolence 275; education provision 40;health care provision 40; and internationalfinancial institutions 308;natural resources 88, 89; political issues83; violence 282–3North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) 166b, 323Norway 2, 88–9, 309–10, 403517
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