From poverty to power - Oxfam-Québec

INDEXcountries 358, 363–4, 366, 378–9; disadvantages354–5, 359b, 360b, 361b,362b, 363–7, 378, 380; for education 41,366, 369; and effective states 354, 363,365–6, 367, 368, 371, 373, 380; food aid210, 211, 213, 215, 215b, 217, 229, 255;general budget support (GBS) 368–9;growth of 354; and health care systems353; and HIV and AIDS 356, 358;improving delivery 367–9, 377–80; andinequality 248b, 354, 355; in internationalagreements 354, 355t, 356;international financial institutions’involvement 296, 297, 304–5, 354; levelsof 357–9; NGO involvement 354, 356–7,358–9, 371–4; for poverty reduction 354,359b, 360b, 361b, 362b; power relations354, 363; quality of 363–9, 371–4, 388–9;sector-wide approaches (SWAPs) 368;selectivity 369–71, 386; short-termism373–4, 389; and social contracts 367;social protection measures 211, 212, 213,364, 389; and technical assistance 364–5;terrorism and 354, 358, 382; throughtaxation schemes 316, 317; time limited367–8; and weak states 370–1International Campaign to Ban Landmines(ICBL) 403–5International Criminal Court (ICC) 65,397, 398, 402, 425international financial institutions (IFIs):and debt crises 120, 297, 301, 305–8, 310;in developing countries 297–8, 298, 303,304, 305, 316–17; and economic growth181, 190, 302; effective states and 302,304, 307; employment and 156; in globalgovernance 296, 309, 316, 424; humansecurity involvement 289; internationalaid and 296, 297, 304–5, 354; internationalloans 308, 309–10; on microfinance220; multilateralism and 303,307; on poverty reduction 7, 300–1; onpublic services 301–2; and regulation311, 314, 316–17; see also InternationalMonetary Fund; World Bankinternational humanitarian law (IHL) 254,284, 293, 392, 396–7, 400, 404international humanitarian relief:accountability of 390–1; background384–5; co-ordination of 387, 390, 391;criticisms of 384, 385, 386–8, 388–9;donor involvement 248–9b, 254–6,386–7, 388–9, 390; effective states and249–50; funding of 386, 390; globalgovernance 357, 359, 398; governmentinvolvement 384, 385, 390, 391; mediacoverage of 386; natural disasters 248–9b,249–50, 254–6, 385, 386; NGO involvement254, 264, 385, 387, 390–1, 397;politicals and 386–7; private sectorinvolvement 391; religious involvement384, 385; in war and conflict 392, 396–7,402; see also international aidInternational Labour Organization (ILO)152, 153, 156, 165b, 166b, 167, 349bInternational Monetary Fund (IMF):background 296–7, 354; conditionality298, 299, 301, 307, 313; debt relief 307,310; economic growth role 181, 190; onemployment 155; in global governance296, 424; international aid 109, 354, 364;international loans 295–7, 301, 303, 312,313; poverty reduction strategy 300, 301;structural adjustment programmes 120,139–40, 300; on trade liberalisation 295international NGOs (INGOs) see underNGOsinternational trade:and agriculture 321–2 see also tradeliberalisation; and comparative advantage187–8b, 189; and developing countries319, 321; development and 321, 325;economic growth and 185–6, 196; andeffective states 187, 322, 332; employmentopportunities 318; global governanceand 352; and globalisation 318,320, 321, 352; and indigenous people324, 331; inequality and 186, 294, 297,299, 318, 324; intellectual property and175, 236, 320, 325–6, 327, 328–9, 330,331, 343; and poverty reduction 318;rules 318–20, 321–5, 352; and structuraladjustment programmes 186; tariffs 315,319, 321; trade agreements 165–6b, 186,294, 313, 322–4, 330; transnationalcorporations 299, 323, 343, 344; see alsotrade liberalisationIran 35, 38, 39, 75tIraq 75t, 88, 277, 278, 280, 293, 357, 394,397, 425Ireland 238–9, 354, 364Israel 281, 284–5, 363, 399; Adva Centre 64Italy 87, 94b, 339, 381, 410515