From poverty to power - Oxfam-Québec
From poverty to power - Oxfam-Québec From poverty to power - Oxfam-Québec
ANNEX
FROM POVERTY TO POWERHOW CHANGE HAPPENSThere is nothing permanent except change.HERACLITUS, SIXTH CENTURY BCIn the 1780s some half-a-million African slaves were being worked todeath growing sugar cane in British colonies in the West Indies. Theidea that slavery was legitimate and ‘normal’ was deeply entrenched inpublic consciousness in Britain and the other slaving nations, and itwas generally accepted that the British economy could not survivewithout slavery and the slave trade. ‘If you had proposed, in theLondon of early 1787, to change all of this,’ writes the historian AdamHochschild, ‘nine out of ten people would have laughed you off as acrackpot’. 1 Yet by 1807 the British parliament had banned the slavetrade, and on 1 August 1838 almost 800,000 slaves throughout theBritish Empire became free when slavery itself was abolished.How did such a momentous social change take place? Across theCaribbean, Latin America, and southern USA, a wave of slave rebellionschallenged the institution of slavery, achieving their most notable successin the creation of the independent black republic of Haiti in 1804. Butslavery was also challenged in the heart of the empire. A coalition ofextraordinary and dedicated individuals formed, led by the Anglicandeacon Thomas Clarkson and the parliamentarian William Wilberforce.They were backed by the Quakers, a radical religious group, many ofwhom were influential businessmen. The abolitionists used public432
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- Page 444 and 445: PART SIX
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- Page 462 and 463: NOTESPART 1: INTRODUCTION1 The infa
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- Page 466 and 467: NOTES82 J. Beall and S. Fox (2006)
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- Page 472 and 473: NOTES139 Author interview, December
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- Page 476 and 477: NOTES63 WHO (2006) ‘Cumulative Nu
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- Page 490 and 491: BIBLIOGRAPHYArcand, J.L. (2004) in
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- Page 494 and 495: BIBLIOGRAPHYCozijnsen, J., D. Dudek
- Page 496 and 497: BIBLIOGRAPHYFerreira, F.H.G., P.G.
FROM POVERTY TO POWERHOW CHANGE HAPPENSThere is nothing permanent except change.HERACLITUS, SIXTH CENTURY BCIn the 1780s some half-a-million African slaves were being worked <strong>to</strong>death growing sugar cane in British colonies in the West Indies. Theidea that slavery was legitimate and ‘normal’ was deeply entrenched inpublic consciousness in Britain and the other slaving nations, and itwas generally accepted that the British economy could not survivewithout slavery and the slave trade. ‘If you had proposed, in theLondon of early 1787, <strong>to</strong> change all of this,’ writes the his<strong>to</strong>rian AdamHochschild, ‘nine out of ten people would have laughed you off as acrackpot’. 1 Yet by 1807 the British parliament had banned the slavetrade, and on 1 August 1838 almost 800,000 slaves throughout theBritish Empire became free when slavery itself was abolished.How did such a momen<strong>to</strong>us social change take place? Across theCaribbean, Latin America, and southern USA, a wave of slave rebellionschallenged the institution of slavery, achieving their most notable successin the creation of the independent black republic of Haiti in 1804. Butslavery was also challenged in the heart of the empire. A coalition ofextraordinary and dedicated individuals formed, led by the Anglicandeacon Thomas Clarkson and the parliamentarian William Wilberforce.They were backed by the Quakers, a radical religious group, many ofwhom were influential businessmen. The abolitionists used public432