From poverty to power - Oxfam-Québec

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FOREWORDThis book, which I hope will be widely read, is important for atleast three distinct reasons. First, through discussing the ways andmeans of reducing and removing deprivation, the case studies bringout the role of powerlessness in generating deprivation and the effectivenessof empowerment in overcoming widespread deprivations.Second, studies of this kind serve as much-needed correctives tothe growing tendency to think of poverty removal mainly in terms ofeconomic growth. There has certainly been some success in manycountries in the world in reducing the proportion of people with verylow incomes through economic growth, a success that is significantenough even though the achievements are often exaggerated. But theattraction – even the intoxication – of this success has also contributedto the mistaken understanding that (1) raising income is the uniquelyprivileged way – indeed the only secure way – of removing the unfreedomsof poverty (this downplays the role of general enhancement ofeconomic, social, and political opportunities) and (2) high economicgrowth must necessarily be a sure-fire method of raising the incomesof the poor (this understates the social changes that are needed forexpanding the freedom of the deprived to get a reasonable share inmarket-based aggregate economic growth). It is critically important,as a corrective, to clarify, with actual illustrations, that poverty hasmany dimensions, and that the removal of deprivation calls for muchmore than economic growth (important as it is).Third, the recounting of a number of successful initiatives inremoving deprivation through empowerment helps also to confrontthe pervasive pessimism that has become so common these daysconcerning the possibility of deliberately bringing about the changesthat are needed. An exaggerated belief in the frailty of public efforts –whether of the state or of active citizens – generates a climate of cynicismand provides comfortable grounds for inaction and torpor, even whenthe widespread deprivations and sufferings are fairly well recognised.The recounting of what is actually being achieved – and how theseachievements come about – can be very important as an antidote toinactivity based on exaggerated pessimism.George Bernard Shaw may have chosen unusual words to characterisepoverty as an ‘evil’ and a ‘crime’, but underlying that verbalchoice is clearly a call for action, through a more forceful social analysisxv
FROM POVERTY TO POWERof the nature and causation of poverty that can lead to more determinedefforts to eliminate the iniquity of poverty. In telling us what can beachieved by ordinary people through organised action, this bookgenerates hope even as it enhances understanding of what is involvedin the removal of poverty. The world does need hope as well as theknow-how, and we have reason to be grateful for what we get from thisimportant study of a rich collection of collaborative social action.Amartya Sen,Honorary Adviser, Oxfam,March 2008xvi
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Page 14 and 15: FOREWORDGeorge Bernard Shaw argued
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I VOTE, THEREFORE I AMWhether in Fl
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2 POWER AND POLITICS I RULE, THEREF
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2 POWER AND POLITICS FROM POVERTY T
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PART THREEAn economics for the twen
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3 POVERTY AND WEALTH A TWENTY-FIRST
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LIVING OFF THE LANDThe smoky, cold
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3 POVERTY AND WEALTH LIVING OFF THE
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3 POVERTY AND WEALTH THE CHANGING W
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3 POVERTY AND WEALTH PRIVATE SECTOR
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GOING FOR GROWTHFifty years ago, Ko
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3 POVERTY AND WEALTH GOING FOR GROW
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SUSTAINABLE MARKETSIn using markets
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PART FOURLiving with risk 198Social
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SOCIAL PROTECTIONIt may seem surpri
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY FINANCEwil
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY HUNGER AND
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HIV, AIDS, AND OTHER HEALTH RISKSPr
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY HEALTH RIS
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THE RISK OF NATURAL DISASTERJanuary
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY NATURAL DI
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CLIMATE CHANGEWe have a word for it
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY AFRICA’S
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY AFRICA’S
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VIOLENCE AND CONFLICTHumanity will
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY SHOCKS AND
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY SHOCKS AND
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PART FIVEWho rules the world? 292Th
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM WHO RULE
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THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMT
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGB
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THE INTERNATIONAL AID SYSTEMA few y
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDTABLE
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM HUMANITA
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM CLIMATE
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM GLOBAL G
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PART SIX
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6 CONCLUSION A NEW DEAL FOR A NEW C
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ANNEX
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSmeetings, s
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSTHE COMPONE
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSinstitution
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSOrganisatio
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSthe planned
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSTechnologic
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NOTESPART 1: INTRODUCTION1 The infa
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NOTESPART 2: POWER AND POLITICS1 J.
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NOTES82 J. Beall and S. Fox (2006)
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NOTES5 There has, however, been inc
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NOTES73 See also DFID (2005) ‘Gro
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NOTES139 Author interview, December
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NOTES10 Sources for Figure 4.2: Chi
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NOTES63 WHO (2006) ‘Cumulative Nu
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NOTES124 K. Annan (2005) ‘In Larg
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NOTESFramework Paper drawn up betwe
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NOTES66 H.-J. Chang (2001) ‘Insti
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NOTES138 Information gathered from
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NOTES192 United Nations (2005) ‘W
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NOTES234 In the UK, for example, th
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BIBLIOGRAPHYArcand, J.L. (2004) in
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BIBLIOGRAPHYCastillo, G. and M. Bro
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BIBLIOGRAPHYCozijnsen, J., D. Dudek
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BIBLIOGRAPHYFerreira, F.H.G., P.G.
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BIBLIOGRAPHYGreen, D. (2003) Silent
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BIBLIOGRAPHYInternational Food Poli
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BIBLIOGRAPHYLiu, J. and J. Diamond
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BIBLIOGRAPHYODI (undated) ‘Inequa
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BIBLIOGRAPHYOxfam International (20
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BIBLIOGRAPHYSachs, J. (2005) The En
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BIBLIOGRAPHYUN (2007) ‘The Millen
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BIBLIOGRAPHYWHO (2006) World Health
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BACKGROUND PAPERS AND CASE STUDIEST
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BACKGROUND PAPERS AND CASE STUDIESR
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GLOSSARYCarbon tradingComparativead
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GLOSSARYGeneric medicines Copies of
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GLOSSARYStructuraladjustmentprogram
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INDEXAfrican Union (AU) 241, 294, 3
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INDEX414-17, 421; as change agent 4
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INDEXeffective states:active citize
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INDEX312, 313; fisheries policies 1
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INDEXcountries 358, 363-4, 366, 378
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INDEXissues 333, 338; levels of 334
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INDEXeffective states 73; evictions
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INDEX‘licence to operate’ 341-2
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‘In telling us what can be achiev
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