From poverty to power - Oxfam-Québec

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PART THREEAn economics for the twenty-first century 108Living off the land 119How change happens: The fishing communities ofTikamgarh 146The changing world of work 148Private sector, public interest 168Going for growth 179How change happens: Botswana and Mauritius:Two African success stories 192Sustainable markets 195
FROM POVERTY TO POWERAN ECONOMICS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRSTCENTURYA day spent in a village or shanty town in the developing world rapidlydispels any notion that people might be poor because they are work-shy.Women rise early to prepare food and get children ready for school,often before heading out to their own paid work in offices, markets, oras cleaners and cooks. Men labour in construction or as porters ofgoods or people. In the countryside, farming and agricultural labourdemand long hours of back-breaking toil in harsh conditions.Despite all this effort, and the huge wealth generated by the globaleconomy, hundreds of millions of men and women remain desperatelypoor. Why? This section seeks an answer by exploring the nature ofmarkets – the web of economic interactions that binds individuals,communities, and nations together. At their best, markets are mightyengines, generating wealth and transforming the lives and expectationsof people throughout society.At their worst, they exclude poorpeople, exacerbate inequality, and degrade the natural world on whichwe all depend.The problem is not with markets per se – Amartya Sen onceremarked that ‘To be generically against markets would be almost asodd as being generically against conversation’ 1 – but with the rulesand institutions that govern them. The impact of markets on povertyand inequality depends on whether poor people can exert influenceover the way they operate. When small producers, farmers, or workers108
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HOW ACTIVE CITIZENS AND EFFECTIVE S
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First published by Oxfam Internatio
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 3.1: Assessin
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LIST OF ACRONYMSFAOFDIFTAG7G8GATSGA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe word ‘editor
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FOREWORDGeorge Bernard Shaw argued
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FOREWORDThis book, which I hope wil
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PART ONE
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1 INTRODUCTION THE UNEQUAL WORLDEnd
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1 INTRODUCTION THE UNEQUAL WORLDExt
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1 INTRODUCTION THE UNEQUAL WORLDPOV
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1 INTRODUCTION THE UNEQUAL WORLDSuc
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1 INTRODUCTION THE UNEQUAL WORLDACT
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1 INTRODUCTION THE UNEQUAL WORLDpeo
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1 INTRODUCTION THE UNEQUAL WORLDcom
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PART TWOThe political roots of deve
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2 POWER AND POLITICS THE POLITICAL
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2 POWER AND POLITICS THE POLITICAL
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I HAVE RIGHTS, THEREFORE I AMThe hi
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2 POWER AND POLITICS I HAVE RIGHTS,
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2 POWER AND POLITICS I BELIEVE, THE
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2 POWER AND POLITICS I READ, THEREF
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2 POWER AND POLITICS I SURF, THEREF
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2 POWER AND POLITICS I SURF, THEREF
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3 POVERTY AND WEALTH THE CHANGING W
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3 POVERTY AND WEALTH PRIVATE SECTOR
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GOING FOR GROWTHFifty years ago, Ko
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3 POVERTY AND WEALTH GOING FOR GROW
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SUSTAINABLE MARKETSIn using markets
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PART FOURLiving with risk 198Social
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY LIVING WIT
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SOCIAL PROTECTIONIt may seem surpri
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY SOCIAL PRO
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY FINANCEwil
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY FINANCEinc
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY HUNGER AND
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HIV, AIDS, AND OTHER HEALTH RISKSPr
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY HEALTH RIS
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THE RISK OF NATURAL DISASTERJanuary
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY NATURAL DI
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CLIMATE CHANGEWe have a word for it
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY CLIMATE CH
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY AFRICA’S
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY AFRICA’S
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VIOLENCE AND CONFLICTHumanity will
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY VIOLENCE A
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY SHOCKS AND
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4 RISK AND VULNERABILITY SHOCKS AND
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PART FIVEWho rules the world? 292Th
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM WHO RULE
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THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMT
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCEm
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCEI
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCEw
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCEp
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCEp
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCEA
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCEI
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCEB
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCEc
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCE
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FINANCEn
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGB
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGD
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGA
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGT
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGA
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADING2
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGp
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGG
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGI
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGd
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM TRADINGC
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THE INTERNATIONAL AID SYSTEMA few y
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDTABLE
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDIt is
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDthe s
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDThe a
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDTHE Q
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDplann
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDreduc
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDcan s
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDgover
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDThe g
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDIn fo
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDIn th
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDcount
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDHOW C
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AIDIn su
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM HUMANITA
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM CLIMATE
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5 THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM GLOBAL G
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PART SIX
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6 CONCLUSION A NEW DEAL FOR A NEW C
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ANNEX
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSmeetings, s
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSTHE COMPONE
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSinstitution
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSOrganisatio
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSthe planned
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ANNEX HOW CHANGE HAPPENSTechnologic
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NOTESPART 1: INTRODUCTION1 The infa
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NOTESPART 2: POWER AND POLITICS1 J.
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NOTES82 J. Beall and S. Fox (2006)
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NOTES5 There has, however, been inc
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NOTES73 See also DFID (2005) ‘Gro
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NOTES139 Author interview, December
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NOTES10 Sources for Figure 4.2: Chi
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NOTES63 WHO (2006) ‘Cumulative Nu
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NOTES124 K. Annan (2005) ‘In Larg
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NOTESFramework Paper drawn up betwe
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NOTES66 H.-J. Chang (2001) ‘Insti
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NOTES138 Information gathered from
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NOTES192 United Nations (2005) ‘W
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NOTES234 In the UK, for example, th
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BIBLIOGRAPHYArcand, J.L. (2004) in
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BIBLIOGRAPHYCastillo, G. and M. Bro
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BIBLIOGRAPHYCozijnsen, J., D. Dudek
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BIBLIOGRAPHYFerreira, F.H.G., P.G.
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BIBLIOGRAPHYGreen, D. (2003) Silent
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BIBLIOGRAPHYInternational Food Poli
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BIBLIOGRAPHYLiu, J. and J. Diamond
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BIBLIOGRAPHYODI (undated) ‘Inequa
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BIBLIOGRAPHYOxfam International (20
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BIBLIOGRAPHYSachs, J. (2005) The En
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BIBLIOGRAPHYUN (2007) ‘The Millen
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BIBLIOGRAPHYWHO (2006) World Health
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BACKGROUND PAPERS AND CASE STUDIEST
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BACKGROUND PAPERS AND CASE STUDIESR
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GLOSSARYCarbon tradingComparativead
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GLOSSARYGeneric medicines Copies of
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GLOSSARYStructuraladjustmentprogram
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INDEXAfrican Union (AU) 241, 294, 3
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INDEX414-17, 421; as change agent 4
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INDEXeffective states:active citize
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INDEX312, 313; fisheries policies 1
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INDEXcountries 358, 363-4, 366, 378
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INDEXissues 333, 338; levels of 334
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INDEXeffective states 73; evictions
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INDEX‘licence to operate’ 341-2
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‘In telling us what can be achiev
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