US History II: 1865 to Present – Notes & Study Guide - US.4 ...

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 1 - Created by Kate GreenUS History II: 1865 to Present – Notes & Study Guide - US.4 – Modern America: 1877 to the Early 1900sThe student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changedafter the Civil War by4a) identifying the reasons for westward expansion, including itsimpact on American Indians.Western Expansion –American Indians –Assimilation –New opportunities and technological advances led to westward migration following the Civil War.Why did westward expansion occur after the Civil War?Reasons for increase westward expansion Opportunities for land ownershipThe Homestead Act of 1862 providedthat any adult male citizen who had a familycould get a grant of 160 acres of land bypaying a small fee and living on the land forfive years straight.With more than 30,000 miles ofRailroad natural resources were shipped toEastern Factories and Factories shipped to National Markets.Development of the Transcontinental Railroad - Development, 1850-1890 Technological advances, including theTranscontinental Railroad Possibility of obtaining wealth, createdby the discoveryof gold andsilver Desire forAdventure Desire for a newbeginning forformer enslavedAfricanAmericansCalifornia Gold rush of 1849 was followed by new discoveries ofgold and silver between 1857 and 1890. Prospectors swarmed tothe mines where gold andsilver were found.Some people thoughtthat life in the West wasfilled with adventure.Young men were drawn tothe cowboy life.Few of the freed slavescould afford to own landand most worked assharecroppers, work not very different from what they did asslaves. Thousands of black families took advantage of theopportunity to become homesteaders on the Plains. These formerslaves were called “Exodusters.”Sharecropper – A person or family works on a farm for a landowner. The land owner gives the sharecropper and family housingand food. The sharecropper also gets a portion of the profitfrom the crop after it is sold.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 2 - Created by Kate GreenHow did the lives of American Indians change with western expansion?NativeAmericanBeliefs aboutLandIndians believed that land and its resources should be available to all, and not something that could be boughtor sold. Buffalo had provided the Indians of the Plains with most of their needs, but by 1883, buffalo werenearly extinct. Whites killed buffalo for meat, hides, and increasingly for sport. Buffalo, which in the pasthad roamed and grazed on the plains at will, were cut off from grazing land by barbed wire fences.Impact on American Indians Opposition by American Indians towestward expansion (Battle of LittleBighorn, Sitting Bull, Geronimo)Forced relocation from traditional landsto reservations (Chief Joseph, NezPercé) Reduced population through warfareand disease (Battle of Wounded Knee) Assimilation attempts and lifestylechanges (e.g., reduction of buffalopopulation) Reduced their homelands throughtreaties that were brokenGeronimo was an Apacheleader in the Southwest,who is known fordefending his tribeagainst the Mexicans andUnited States Calvary formost of his life. He was very Adventurous,Brave and Daring in his exploits and escapedcapture by the US for more than 30 years. By 1865, Indians and whites had frequent conflictson the Great Plains and throughout the Southwestand Northwest. In 1867 a Peace Commission waswritten to convince the tribes to give up theirlands and to relocate onto "reservations" - tractsof land set aside for Indiancommunities. Some Indians moved Battle of Little Bighornwillingly, while others continued tofight for their land and their wayof life. Battle of Little Bighorn - In1876, the federal governmenttried to force the Lakota, led byCrazy Horse and Sitting Bull inthe Midwest (Great Plains), back on to the reservation.General George Custer led his troops against morethan 2,000 Lakota Indians. Custer and all of his mendied in that attack, which came to be known as"Custer's Last Stand." The Lakota were joyous bytheir victory, but within a few months they were forced to surrender. In 1877, when the federal government sent troops into force the Nez Percé tribe off their lands in theWashington territory (Northeast) and onto a reservation,Chief Joseph led 400,000 of his people on a long walktoward the Canadian border to escape white settlers andtroops. With only a few miles left to Canada, the troopscaptured Chief Joseph and his warriors, the old people,the women, the children, and sent them off to IndianTerritory. Chief Joseph was sent to a separate reservation. December 29, 1890, a Lakota tribe living in South Dakota, near a creekcalled Wounded Knee, was being disarmed by the US Calvary. A deafnative was not willing to give up his gun and a shot was fired accidentally.The Calvary began firing randomly at the tribe’s people, killing Men,Women and Children. Their own soldiers were killed and injured also.The surviving Lakota fled, but U.S. cavalrymen pursued and killed manywho were unarmed. By the time it was over, at least 150 men, women,and children of the Lakota hadbeen killed and 51 wounded (4Battle of Wounded Kneemen, 47 women and children,some of whom died later); someestimates placed the numberof dead at 300. Twenty-fivetroopers also died, and 39 werewounded (6 of the woundedwould later die).

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 3 - Created by Kate GreenWHO?________________________WHO?________________________WHO?________________________WHO?________________________

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 4 - Created by Kate GreenThe student will demonstrate knowledge of how lifechanged after the Civil War by4b) explaining the reasons for the increase inimmigration, growth of cities, and challengesarising from this expansion.Immigration – Specialized Industry –Challenges – Tenements –Cultural Groups – Settlement Houses -Population changes, growth of cities, and newinventions produced interaction and oftenconflict between different cultural groups.Population changes, growth of cities, and newinventions produced problems in urban areas.Why did immigration increase?Reasons for the increase inimmigration Hope for better opportunities Desire for religious freedom Escape from oppressivegovernments Desire for adventureWhy did cities grow and develop?Urban – Political Machines –Rural –Reasons why cities grew and developed Specialized industries, including steel (Pittsburgh) and meatpacking (Chicago) In the 1840s, the potato crop failed and Irish farmers had nothing toeat. By 1860 Irish immigrants had largely replaced the New England millgirls as textile workers. (Took their jobs) From 1860 to 1910, the U.S. population tripled. After 1880, immigrantswere often from southern and eastern Europe, where there was littleindustry and life was hard for poor peasants. Before they came fromWestern and Northern Europe. Jewish from Eastern Europe fled because of religious persecution.(Religious Persecution) Russians and Polish escaped political oppression at home. (OppressiveGovernment) Industrial expansion created jobs thatattracted thousands of immigrants toAmerica. This was the beginning of a vast migrationfrom the farms to the cities whenagricultural machinery cut the need forfarm laborers. Mechanization Immigration to America from other countries Movement of Americans from rural to urban areas for jobopportunities The Reaper did the work of 10 men, 9moved to industrial cities.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 5 - Created by Kate GreenWhat challenges faced Americans as a result of these social and technological changes?Rapid industrialization andurbanization led toovercrowded immigrantneighborhoods andtenements.Efforts to solve immigrationproblems Settlementhouses, suchas Hull Housefounded byJane Addams Politicalmachines that gained power by attending tothe needs of new immigrants (e.g., jobs,housing)Overcrowding causedfrequent epidemics oftyphoid, smallpox, andtuberculosis. Bad water andgarbage in the streets ledto disease. The ghettoswere filled with smoke anddust. The crime rate was high. Fires were frequent.Hull House in Chicago, IL was established to helpimmigrants. It providedmany services - fromkindergartens to laundryrooms. Other settlementhouses soon opened aroundthe nation. (e.g., jobs,housing)Progressives fought the power of the bosses and the political machines that controlled the big cities. By 1900 city lifebecoming better. Fresh water was piped in, lighting was installed. Some city bosses tried to help new immigrants in order toget their votes. Many attempts to reform the city machines. Reformers created city-owned services like garbage collectionsand street cleaning, and also created private organizations to help the poor.Discrimination against immigrants Chinese Irish Settlers on the West Coastespecially blamed decliningwages and economic problemson the Chinese workers. In 1882, Congress passed theChinese Exclusion Act, thefirst significant law restricting immigration intothe United States. The Irish began to arrive in large numbers, by the1840s after the potato crop failed. By 1860 Irish immigrants had largely replaced theNew England mill girls as textile workers. Americans tended to look down on each group of newimmigrants. Immigrants in turn were unfriendlytoward blacks. “We don’t likewhat you don’t like. Now wehave something in common.”

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 6 - Created by Kate GreenChallenges faced by cities Tenements and ghettos Political corruption (politicalmachines) Because of the terrible overcrowdedness inIndustrialized Cities, Slumswere created when landlordsdivided tenement buildingsand packed in as many peopleas possible. People of thesame ethnic backgroundlived in same neighborhoods,creating ghettos. The political machines(politicians) used people togain votes in exchange forhousing and jobs. Theimmigrants had no other choice if they wanted to survive. Thepoliticians became very corrupt and used the immigrants forpersonal gain.A Political Machine is aPerson who takesadvantage of others, notan actual Machine!

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 7 - Created by Kate GreenThe student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by4c) describing racial segregation, the rise of “Jim Crow,” and other constraints faced by African Americansand other groups in the post-Reconstruction South.Discrimination against African Americanscontinued after Reconstruction.“Jim Crow” laws institutionalized a system oflegal segregation.African Americans differed in their responsesto discrimination and “Jim Crow.”What is racial segregation?Discrimination – Institutionalized –Legal – “Jim Crow” Laws -Segregation –Racial segregation Based upon race Directed primarily against African Americans, but other groups also were kept segregated American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924.How were African Americans discriminated against? C- B- J-“Jim Crow” laws Passed to discriminate againstAfrican Americans Made discrimination practices legalin manycommunitiesand states Werecharacterizedby unequalopportunitiesin housing,work,education, andgovernmentC BEFORE J These "Black Codes" took away many of the rights which hadbeen granted to Blacks through the 13th, 14th, and 15thAmendments. They prevented Blacks from voting by requiring payment of “polltaxes” and requiring that voters pass a test about theConstitution, even though they were not educated and had littlemoney. For a while, Blacks were derogatorily called "Jim Crow", a termconveyed an image of a singing and dancing fool. The name “Jim Crow” is often used to describe the segregationlaws, rules, and customs which aroseafter Reconstruction ended in 1877. "Jim Crow" laws encouraged segregation.They required separate black and whitefacilities - schools, railroad cars, etc. They prevented blacks from living in white areas, gettinggovernment jobs etc. The Supreme Court confirmed the law of "Separate but Equal" inPlessey vs. Ferguson case – 1896 to be constitutional. (US.9a)How did African Americans respond to discrimination and “Jim Crow”?African American responsesBooker T. Washington:Believed equality could beachieved through vocationaleducation; accepted socialsegregation.W.E.B. DuBois:Believed in fullpolitical, civil, andsocial rights forAfrican Americans.He founded the Tuskegee Vocational School in Alabama in1881. Vocational Education means to learn a trade – workwith your hands. (carpenter, farmer, black smith, etc.)Some blacks thought he was too cautious and faulted himfor his acceptance of separation.Du Bois would not accept segregation as Booker T. Washington had. Hefounded the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of ColoredPeople) which called for complete political, legal, and social equality forblacks and an end to discrimination.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 8 - Created by Kate GreenThe student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by4d) explaining the impact of new inventions, the rise of big business, the growth of industry, and life onAmerican farms.Civil War = US was a _____________ Nation United States became - ____________ Nation WWIBetween the Civil War and World War I, the UnitedStates was transformed from an agricultural to anindustrial nation.Inventions had both positive and negative effects onsociety.Agricultural – Negative –Industrial – Advertising –Positive –What inventions created great change and industrial growth in the United States?Inventions that contributed to great change and industrial growth Telephone service (Alexander Graham Bell) Electric lighting and mechanical uses of electricity (Thomas Edison)Bell - 1876 - Phone service spread rapidly andtransformed communications.What created the rise in big business?Reasons for the rise andprosperity of big business National markets createdby transportationadvances Captains of industry (JohnD. Rockefeller, oil;Andrew Carnegie, steel;Cornelius Vanderbilt,shipping and railroads) Advertising Lower-cost productionJohn D.RockefellerRockefeller'sStandard Oil ownedeach step in the oilproduction processfrom the drillingoperations to thegas station pumps.He took over rival companies and madethem part of his companies.“Mr. Watson, come here. Iwant to see you.” was theFirst Phone call. 3/10/1876Rock comes from theGround, so does OilA singlemanufacturer coulduse railroads andcanals to ship goodsto markets (stores)all around the U.S.Edison invented the electriclight bulb in 1879. During thefollowing decades, factoriesand transportation began toshift from steam to electricpower.By 1925, over 60% of homeshad electric power.Low-cost Production-In orderto increase sales, manufacturers began to develop strategies to advertisetheir products to make people throughout the country want their products.Big businesses could lower the cost of production with new technologies likeassembly lines, standardized interchangeable parts, and the Bessemerprocess for making steel.AndrewCarnegieBy using the latesttechnology andwatching costs,Carnegie pricedhis steel belowcompetitors.By 1900 he owned the world's largestindustrial corporation - Carnegie Steelby buying up smaller companies.“Car made of Steel”CorneliusVanderbiltAmericanentrepreneurwho built hiswealth inshipping andrailroads.“Vanderbilt the Rail Road” –Saying to remember that he builtthe Transcontinental Railroad.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 9 - Created by Kate GreenWhat factors caused thegrowth of industry?Industry – Work Force -Raw Materials – Mechanization -Factors that resultedin growth of industry Access to rawmaterials andenergy Availability of workforce due toimmigration Inventions Financial resourcesExamples of bigbusiness Railroads Oil Steel Vast supplies of natural resources had been discovered in the U.S., including food, fuel andminerals. By the late 1800s, railroads carried raw materials like coal and iron ore from themines to mills in Pittsburgh. Crops and finished products to National Markets Industry could not have grown if the U.S. without a large available workforce. A largeworkforce was available due to 1) a huge influx of immigrants, which caused the U.S.population to triple between 1860 and 1910, and 2) increased migration to the cities fromsouthern farms, where mechanization was decreasing the need for farm labor. The new Bessemer process allowed coal and iron to be converted cheaply to steel, and steelfueled the growth of other industries. Other inventions included sewing machines which led to a huge textile industry in NewEngland, the telegraph and telephone which enable better communication, and hydroelectricpower plants for electricity. (e.g. Hoover Dam) During this prosperous period, money was available to fund new industries. At first, railroads were developed by hundreds of small companies,but soon they started to drive each other out of business. Railroadbarons, like Cornelius Vanderbilt, bought up the smaller lines andcreated nationwide rail systems that used the same equipment andsame size track. Rockefeller's Standard Oil formed a trust that eliminated anycompetition in the oil industry. Carnegie prices his steel below the competition anddrove others out of business. He took over all of theother rival companies and controlled all of the steps inthe steel production process and price. Later Carnegiesteel would become part of U.S. Steel, an even largercorporation formed by JPMorgan.How did industrialization and the rise in big businessinfluence life on American farms?_____________________ Nation _____________________ NationPostwar changes in farm and city life Mechanization (e.g., the reaper)reduced farm labor needs andincreased production. Industrial development in citiescreated increased labor needs. Industrialization provided new accessto consumer goods (e.g., mail order). The reaper, for example, could do the work of ten men.Mechanization meant fewer men were needed on the farms.Farm production still increased, and food was available to feedthe city workforce. This was the beginning of a long periodof migration from rural areas (farm) tothe cities (urban). Farm laborers saw better opportunities inthe cities. Increased demand for labor inthe cities meant higher wages. More consumer goods were produced andthey became increasingly available in cities. Rural customers were also able to buy goods from catalogsand have them shipped through mail order.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 10 - Created by Kate GreenThe student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by4e) describing the impact of the Progressive Movement on child labor, working conditions, the rise of organized labor,women’s suffrage, and the temperance movement.The effects of industrialization led to the rise oforganized labor and important workplace reforms.Organized Labor -Work Place Reforms -How did the reforms of the Progressive Movement change the United States?Negative effects ofindustrialization Child labor Low wages, longhours Unsafe workingconditions Children often entered the work force at age eight or nine because parents needed theirchildren's income. They worked in coal mines, textile mills and other factories. Withoutsafety regulations, children were three times more likely to hurt themselves than adults. 10-hour workdays were common and pay was barely enough to liveon. Workers had no health coverage or other benefits. No regulations on safety. Frequent accidents occurred infactories, especially involving children who might fall asleep orbe less attentive. A tragic fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist factory in N.Y. killed141 seamstresses who were unable to escape because exitswere locked. Many jumped to their deaths from 8 th floor and up. Triangle Shirtwaist Company--Fire, 1911. - John Sloan createdthis drawing for The New York Call, after the Triangle fire.Within the Triangle are the words "rent, profit, and interest," which Sloan believed werethe root causes of the fire. ($, $, $)How did workers respond to the negative effects of industrialization?Rise of organized labor Formation of unions: Growthof American Federation ofLabor (AFL) Strikes: Aftermath ofHomestead Strike AFL pushed for issues like higher wages, shorter hours, andbetter working conditions. It was strongest in the skilled trade,not the factories. Preferred bargaining over strikes. In the late 1800's, strikes occurred all the time, oftenending in violence and little gain for the workers. In 1892, 13men were killed in a battle between striking steelworkers andstrikebreakers at Carnegie's Homestead steel plant inPittsburgh. Union workers took lower wages at the end of the HomesteadStrike.The strike turned many Americans against unions and organized labor, whichthey blamed for the violence.Progressive Movement workplacereforms Improved safetyconditions Reducedwork hours Placedrestrictionson childlabor Progressive Movement - includes different reformmovements that dealt with problems caused bymassive immigration, urbanization, and big business. Reformers wanted laws to protect workers and poorpeople, to reform government and to regulatebusiness. This resulted in laws passed by states makingemployers legally responsible if their workers wereinjured or killed on the job. States gradually began to reduce work hours,especially for women and children. States started to place restrictions on child labor,though some of the state laws were declaredunconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 11 - Created by Kate GreenWhat is the Women’s Suffrage Movement? Movement – Gradually -Women’s suffrage Increased educationalopportunities Attained voting rights– Women gained the right tovote with passage of the 19thAmendment to theConstitution of the UnitedStates of America.– Susan B. Anthony andElizabeth Cady Stantonworked for women’s suffrage.Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony was bornFebruary 15, 1820 in Adams,Massachusetts. She wasbrought up in a Quaker familywith long activist traditions.Early in her life she developeda sense of justice and strongbeliefs. After teaching for fifteenyears, she became active inthe Temperance Movement. Because she was awoman, she was not allowed to speak at temperancerallies. This experience, and her acquaintance withElizabeth Cady Stanton, led her to join the women'srights movement in 1852. Soon after she dedicatedher life to woman suffrage. Ignoring opposition and abuse, Anthony traveled,lectured and went across the nation for the right tovote. She also campaigned for the abolition ofslavery, women's right to their own property andearnings, and women's labor organizations. Anthony, whonevermarried, wasaggressiveandcompassionate by nature. She had a sharp mind and inspiredmany. She remained active until her death on March13, 1906. She did not see the 19 th Amendment passed. Women gradually were admitted to colleges atbegin careers outside of the home. By 1900, one-third of college students werewomen. Educated women began demanding theright to vote. Growing numbers of educated women werebecoming angry that they could not vote. Inlarge cities, women campaigned hard forsuffrage, and gradually more and more statesallowed women to vote. The important roleplayed by women workers in World War IItipped the balance in favor of granting womentheir Civil Rights. In 1920, the 19th Amendment was adopted. Itmade it illegal for any state or for the federal government to deny women theright to vote. During the 1800's, Anthony and Stanton were the leaders of the women'ssuffrage movement, and fought for women to win the right to vote.Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton was anAmerican social activist, abolitionist,and leader of the early woman'smovement. She presented at thefirst women's rights convention heldin 1848 in Seneca Falls, New Yorkwhich was the first organizedmeeting for woman's rights andwoman's suffrage movements in theUnited States, starting the SuffrageMovement. After the American Civil War,Stanton's commitment to femalesuffrage caused a split in the woman'srights movement when she, togetherwith Susan B. Anthony, declined tosupport passage of the Fourteenth andFifteenth Amendments to the UnitedStates Constitution. She opposed givingadded legal protection and voting rightsto African Americanmen while women,black and white, weredenied those samerights.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 12 - Created by Kate GreenWhat is the TemperanceMovement?Ban –Manufacture-Prohibit – Transport -Temperance movement Composed of groups opposed to the making andconsuming of alcohol Supported the 18th Amendment to theConstitution ofthe UnitedStates,prohibiting themanufacture,sale, andtransport ofalcoholicbeverages Individual groups of people who led the movement toban alcoholic beverages in the United States. Temperance Movement - wanted to limit or ban the useof alcohol. They thought drinking was a serious threat tofamily life. Mostly Protestants, Associated drinking withIrish Catholics which shows that they were stilldiscriminating against Irish. 18th Amendment, banning manufacture or sale ofalcohol, adopted in 1919.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 13 - Created by Kate GreenUSII.4aThe Push West: Go West, Grow Rich!Besides farming, why else do you think people finally left their homes in the east to move to thewest?Who Said ThatDecide who said the following lines. Write the letter of each speech balloon in the blanks below theI’m so excited that my family ismoving West! We’re going to havea farm on which we plan onAgrowing lots of wheat!I work for the Union Pacific Railroad.We’ve just met up with the Central PacificRailroad at Promontory Point, Utah. TheEast and the West are now connected andfolks can travel all the way across Americaby train. All Aboard!characters.The Wild, Wild, West!Yippee! Yeehaw! That’s thelife for me! I’m looking foraction and adventure!DBNow that my family and I arefinally free from slavery, we’removing West to start a new life.We are so glad to have a chanceCfor a new beginning.There’s GOLD in themthere hills! I just knowI’m gonna strike it rich!EQuick!Laura the PioneerCasey theConductorBuck the CowboyAlthea theEx-SlaveLucky theMiner____________________After the Civil War, farming towns developed out West. Farmers, or pioneers,_____were amongst the first people to move out west. As these settlements grew,people in all kinds of trades and professions could make a living in the West.Resons forWesternExpansion

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 14 - Created by Kate GreenUSII.4aThe Push West: Where the Buffalo RoamedHow do you think the life of the American Indian changed because of Westward Expansion?Check each reason that you believe to be a cause of the conflict between Indians and settlers._____ Indians just wanted to fight!_____ Settlers wanted the Indians land._____ Settlers just wanted to fight!_____ Settlers wanted the natural resources, such as gold and other minerals, found on Indian land._____ Indians loved their homes and believed they had the right to remain on their land.Native Americans were driven out of their lands as settlers andrailroad builders pushed farther into the West.American Settlers…Opposition by American Indians…American Indians were not considered ____________________ until ______________.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 15 - Created by Kate GreenUSII.4bThe Newcomers – Huddled MassesImagine that you are an immigrant about to leave for America and you can only take those possessionsthat will fit inside a pillowcase. List/Draw the items that you wish to take with you to your new country.You are an immigrant on a ship headed to America. Are the following correct statements that youwould make about coming to America in the late 1800s? (Write True or False on the line)1. I hope to find better opportunities for my family._____________________________2. I expect things will be the same in America. The United States government is just as oppressiveas the one in my homeland._____________________________3. My family is so happy. We’re leaving for America. Some of our friends are already there and weknow we’ll be able to worship God as we please._____________________________4. What a waste of time. I don’t know why I’m leaving my homeland. It’s going to be pretty dull.Nothing new or exciting ever happens in America._____________________________Following the Civil War, a rapidly increasing number of people were migrating to the United States.By 1890, nearly 15 percent of Americans were foreign-born. Just as technology had helpedAmericans settle in the West, it helped newcomers reach the United States. By the late 1800s,steamships could cross the ocean in six days.ImmigrationIncreased

USII.4bHistory and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 16 - Created by Kate GreenThe Newcomers: Off the Boat, Into the CityTomorrow another class is going to come into our room and stay for two weeks.You will have to share your desk and space, and maybe your supplies. How will you feel?Do you think you will treat the other class differently?Consider two different perspectives as tension and conflicts arose in overcrowded U.S. cities.Write I if the statement applies to an immigrant.Write NB for native born if the statement applies to someone born in the USA1. _____ We left our home and gave up everything to come to this golden land of opportunity. But Ican’t even find a job to pay for food for my family! How will we survive?2. _____ I’ve lived in this country all my life, but now I’m having trouble finding work because thereforeigners are taking all the jobs!3. _____ The Americans hate us! My children can’t even go to school because they are treated so badly!Population changes and growth of cities produced problems in urban areas. Rapid industrializationand urbanization created overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods.GhettosTenementsPopulation changes and growth of cities also produced interactions and conflicts betweendifferent cultural groups. Some immigrants were discriminated against and persecuted.Efforts were made to solve immigration problems. These efforts included…Settlement HousesPolitical Organizations

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 17 - Created by Kate Green

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 18 - Created by Kate GreenUSII.4cBlack CodesBlack Codes were passed to discriminate against African Americans. “Jim Crow” Laws, as they becameknown in the 1880s from a popular African American song, made discrimination practices legal in manycommunities and states. These laws were characterized by unequal opportunities in…These new “laws” created segregation between races.Segregation is…Although segregation was directed primarily against African Americans,other groups were also kept segregated.African Americans differed in their responses to discrimination and “Jim Crow” Laws. Two importantAfrican American leaders were Booker Taliaferro Washington and William Edward Burghardt Du Bois.Booker T. WashingtonW.E.B. Du Bois

USII.4cHistory and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 19 - Created by Kate GreenThe Newcomers: Made in the U.S.A.Before the Civil War, the United States was very rural. As the United states grew, urban areasdeveloped. Why would people move from the country to the city?Use the map and the reasons why cities grew to decide which city developed where it did.ChicagoDetroitPittsburgh1. This city is located on Lake Michigan which provides easy access for travelers, and easyaccess for shipping meat products. ___________________________________2. This city is located where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers join the Ohio River, whichprovides easy access for travelers and easy access for shipping steel products.___________________________3. This city is located just north of Lake Erie on a connecting river, which provides easy accessfor shipping automobiles. ________________________________

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 20 - Created by Kate GreenAs the population increased in the United States, cities began to grow.Advances in Transportation linked resources, products, and marketsDue to advancements in Mechanization, Industrialization, and Transportation, America is changingfrom _______________________ to __________________________

USII.4cHistory and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 21 - Created by Kate GreenThe Newcomers: Genius At WorkWe know safe, effective use of electricity changed life in America.Why do you think it brought people from small farms and towns to the cities?Answer the following questions in complete sentences.1. What has changed in America’s use of the telephone from 1878, when Bell started the firsttelephone exchange, to today’s use of telephones?2. How did electricity and long burning light bulbs affect factories?3. In your opinion, which invention had the biggest impact on society? Why?Between the _________ War and _________ _________ I, the United States was transformedfrom an agricultural (_________) country to an _________ (urban) nation.Inventions that Contributed to Great Change and Industrial GrowthWho?Benefits forAmericans:Benefits forAmericans:Who?

USII.4dHistory and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 22 - Created by Kate GreenFrom Farm to Factory: The Business of Being BigAs the country grew, so did industries and big businesses. Big businesses are giant money-makingcompanies. List any “Big Businesses” you can think of.What were the reasons for the rise of big business and the growth of industry?Check all that apply.1. _____ Lack of advertising5. _____ National markets created by2. _____ Limited work force3. _____ Inventions4. _____ Raw materials were not readily availabletransportation advances6. _____ The cost of production was very high7. _____ Financial resourcesInvestigate the following Political Cartoon. Describe what it is about.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 23 - Created by Kate GreenBetween the Civil War and World War I, the United States was transformed from an agricultural(rural) country to an industrial (urban) nation.Postwar Transformation from Agricultural to IndustrialWhy Big Businesses Prospered and WhatHelped the Industries Grow

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 24 - Created by Kate GreenUSII.4dFrom Farm to Factory: Captains of IndustryHave you ever played the game monopoly? How does a player win?What do you learn about business and money from playing monopoly?On the map Star the cities where the “Captains of Industry” were located.Pittsburgh:Detroit:New England:Describe the Transcontinental Railroad as a Big Business and its Captain of Industry.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 25 - Created by Kate GreenUSII.4eFrom Farm to Factory: Little LaborersWhat do you think would be some bad things that happened because of the rise of Big Business?Compare your life now to a working girl’s and boy’s life in the late 1800s. Complete the chart.School HoursYou 1800s Girl 1800s Boy(hours and school and hours onhomework)Work(what jobs or chores, how muchpay, hours at work)Play(what activities and hours spentplaying)Changes in the workplace were needed because of thenegative effects of industrialization that included…Child Labor Low Wages and Long Hours Unsafe Working Conditions

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 26 - Created by Kate GreenUSII.4eFrom Farm to Factory: We Will NOT WorkWhat does it mean to go on strike? Can you think of any companies or groups that have gone on strike?Circle the correct answer,1. During the late 1800s, poor workers __________ have wanted unions tobe organized in the workplace. WOULD or WOULD NOT2. During the late 1800s, rich “Big” Business leaders __________ have wantedunions to be organized in the workplace. WOULD or WOULD NOTThe effects of industrialization led to the rise of organized labor and important workplace reformsPicture__________ were created torepresent workers and theinterests of their families. Theytried to create a safe andprofitable working environmentfor the workers.PictureThe __________ __________ is anexample of strike that turned deadly. In1892, a battle erupted at AndrewCarnegie’s Steel Plant in Pittsburg. Thefight followed a strike which startedbecause of a wage cut. Many workers wereinjured and some were killed.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 27 - Created by Kate GreenUSII.4eFrom Farm to Factory: A Time for ChangeExplain five behaviors of someone who has had too much to drink.Complete the statements with SUPPORTED or OPPOSED.1. Reformers in the Progressive Movement __________ the manufacture of alcoholic beverages.2. Reformers in the Progressive Movement __________ the transport of alcoholic beverages.3. Reformers in the Progressive Movement __________ the sale of alcoholic beverages.4. Reformers in the Progressive Movement __________ the passage of the 18 th Amendment.The progressives worked to help the poor and control the size and power ofBig Businesses from the 1890s until 1917.Reforms of the Progressive Movement changed the American workplace.Industrialization ReformsTemperanceMovement

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 28 - Created by Kate GreenUSII.4eFrom Farm to Factory: Women and the VoteAt this point in history, are women equal to men? How are men’s rights different than women’s rights?It’s 1900 in Virginia. A husband and his wife are sitting in their parlor outing together a puzzle. Thewife is a suffragist. The husband opposes women having the right to vote. Color the pieces the wifewould choose pink. Color the pieces the husband would choose blueIt’ll be theSusan B. Anthony said, “We the people,formed the Union. Not just we, theend of all familyvalues if women ever get the right tovote!citizens.”white maleA citizen is a personin the U.S.Women are too stupid to vote!entitledto vote and hold office.The fight for women’s suffrage, or the right to vote, began in the late 1800s. Suffragist believed thatif women had the right to vote, they could use it to gain other rights.

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 29 - Created by Kate GreenInstructions: Using a large piece of construction paper, create a graphic organizer as follows; one on each side. Turn yourconstruction paper horizontally and fold into quarters. Use your notes to complete with accurate information. After labelingeach box, illustrate to show your understanding of the information.Grading Criteria: 10 points will be deducted for each missing, incorrectly labeled or incorrectly completed square, includingthe titles located in the middle of each graphic organizer.NATIONAL MARKETS CREATED BY TRANSPORTATIONADVANCES (Transcontinental Railroad)CAPTIANS OF INDUSTRY: John D. Rockefeller – oilAndrew Carnegie – SteelHenry Ford - automobilesCornelius Vanderbilt – Shipping &RailroadsADVERTISEINGREASONS FOR RISE & PROSPERITY OF BIG BUSINESSLOWER COST PRODUCTION (production costs were less)ACCESS TO RAW MATERIALS & ENERGY (oil, steel, &others)AVAILABILITY OF WORK FORCE (people were available towork)INVENTIONSFACTORS RESULTING IN GROWTH OF INDUSTRYFINANCIAL RESOURCES (4 Captains of Industry)

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 30 - Created by Kate Green

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 31 - Created by Kate GreenProgressive Movement FoldableWomen’sSuffrage18 thAmendment Increased educational opportunities Worked to Attain voting rights forwomen 19 th Amendment added to the USconstitution made voting for womenpossible19 thAmendmentProgressiveMovementWork PlaceReformAmendment that banned the selling,manufacturing and transporting ofalcoholic beverages in the US.Women gained the right to vote underthe 19 th amendmentWork Place Reform Improved safety conditions Reduced work house Placed restrictions on child labor

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 32 - Created by Kate Green

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 33 - Created by Kate GreenNegativeeffects ofIndustrialization Child labor Low wages, longhours Unsafe workingconditionsRise ofOrganizedLabor Formation ofunions: Growth ofAmericanFederation of Labor Strikes: Aftermathof Homestead StrikeTemperanceMovement Composed of groups opposedto the making and consuming ofalcohol Supported the 18thAmendment to the Constitutionof the United States, prohibitingthe manufacture, sale, andtransport of alcoholic beverages

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 34 - Created by Kate Green

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 35 - Created by Kate GreenUS.2-4 Review Grid - Name:___________________________ Block #_____ Date: ______________________All assignments are due __________________. Choose one assignment from each box – 9 total assignments due!No more than 2 types of each assignment. Use a computer as needed. Each Assignment is worth 10 points.Regions/States/Cities Make a Foldable/FlipBook Make A Game to help youstudy Make an Advertisement Make a PresentationPost Reconstruction Make a Foldable/FlipBook Make A Game to help youstudy Make an Banner Make a PresentationBig Business & IndustryReconstruction Make a Foldable/FlipBook Make A Game to help youstudy Make an Flier Make a PresentationWestern Expansion & NativeAmericans Make a Foldable/FlipBook Make A Game to help youstudy Make an Advertisement Make a PresentationSegregationFamous People Make a Foldable/FlipBook Make A Game to help youstudy Make an Brochure Make a PresentationImmigration Make a Foldable/FlipBook Make A Game to help youstudy Make an Advertisement Make a PresentationProgressive Movement Make a Foldable/FlipBook Make A Game to help youstudy Make an Newsletter Make a Presentation Make a Foldable/FlipBook Make A Game to help youstudy Make an Flier Make a PresentationIf you get finished with 9 assignmentsfor 5 extra points each: Make information cards to go on the PINK wall Come up with your own idea with one of the topicsyou are still not too sure about. Complete any worksheet in your INB.Industry Issues/Solutions,Women’s Suffrage, &Temperance Movement Make a Foldable/FlipBook Make A Game to help youstudy Make an Brochure,Advertisement, orNewsletter Make a Presentation

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 36 - Created by Kate Green

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20 th Century in the US - 37 - Created by Kate GreenName: ________________________________________ Block #____Date: _______________Progressive Movement Take Home ProjectStudents are assigned to complete a Progressive Movement Take Home Project. This letter will highlightthe guidelines for this project. Parents please read this letter with your student and sign the section belowindicating that your child is responsible for the project and you are going to help insure that they complete theassignment. The Project is DUE – _________________________________.Guidelines: Choose one of the following topics: I Choose _________________________________o The Rise of Big Business andIndustrializationo Child Laboro Working ConditionsCreate something for the topic of your choosing.Examples:o Foldableo Poster (no larger than 8.5 X 11 –Needs to fit in a sheet protector)o Flip Booko Report/StoryStudents you may NOTo Copy directly from notes, books, the internet or another studento Rise of Organized Laboro Women’s Suffrageo Temperance Movemento Computer Presentation (Pleaseemail the file –KatGreen@spsk12.net)o Your own idea - Please get thisapproved Students Shouldo Put information into their OWN wordso Have images/coloro Be Creative & Imaginativeo Ask for Help if they do not understand the assignment or information they reado Ask for materials if they don’t have things at home to complete the assignmento Ask for time during their Homeroom/PE/Elective block to work on the project.o Have accurate information from THREE reference materials (Notebook, Textbook, and one othersource)• Students MUST site their sources at the end or on the back:- Title, Author, Page #, website addressI understand that my student is responsible for completing this take home assignment, that he/she willcomplete this assignment with minimal assistance and will have it turned in on or before the Due Date –_________________. I also understand that each day the project is late, 5 points will be deducted from thefinal grade. If the project is more than 5 school days late it will be counted as a ZERO. This assignment will becounted as a TEST grade. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Mrs. Green atkatgreen@spsk12.net or 925-5557. When in doubt, ask! Thank you, Mrs. K. GreenParent/Guardian’s Signature: _____________________________

History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.4 – Modern America: 1877 to the Early 1900s - 38 - Created by Kate GreenProgressive Movement Take Home Project RubricStudent: _______________________________ Block: _____Turned in on: ______________________Topic: The Rise of Big Business and Industrialization, Child Labor, Working Conditions, Rise of Organized Labor,Women’s Suffrage, or Temperance Movement Created: ________________________________________Criteria Points Possible Points Received Teacher NotationsCreation 30Student’s Own Work/Words 30Creative/Imaginative/Color 15Accurate 10Followed Requirements 103 Citations 5Turned in On Time: -5pts foreach school day lateTotal Points Received