Tamarind monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

plantations in Tamil Nadu (Ahmed, 1990). In such epidemics over 400-650
larvae can be found on a single tree causing serious growth reduction. It is
also considered as a serious pest in the Salem district of India, causing
damage to flowers and defoliation. Spraying Permethrin at 0.5% solution (5
ml in 10 litres of water) can control this pest. For more information
regarding the legal restrictions of these products the reader is refered to:
http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_ChemUse.jsp?Rec_Id=PC35397.
Several coccids are reported as polyphagus pests of tamarind such as:
Aspidiotus destructor Signoret, A. tamarindi Green, Cardioccous castilleae
Green, Hemiberlesia lataniae Signoret, Howasdia biclavis Comstock,
Pinnaspis strachani Cooley, P. temporaria Ferris, Unaspis articolor Green
and Saissetia oleae Bernard. Where permitted, the spraying of Carbosulphan
at 0.1% solution or Dimethioate at 3% solution (20-40 ml in 10 litres of
water) can control all of these coccid species.
Aphids are serious pests that attack tamarind and many other plants.
Toxoptera aurantii Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major pest
which sucks the sap of tender shoots and leaflets causing them to become
distorted and covered with moulds growing on the secreted honeydew.
White fly, Acaudaleyrodes rachipora Singh (Hemiptera: Aleurodidae) is a
minor pest of tamarind. Aphids and white flies can be controlled by spraying
Endosulphan at 1 ml in 10 ml of water or Dimethioate at 3% solution (20-40
ml in 10 litres of water), repeated every two weeks until the pests are no
longer observed.
Several other minor pests of tamarind have been recorded. Thalassodes
quadraria Guenee (Lepidoptera: Goemetridae) is a minor pest of tamarind in
India and Sri Lanka. Bag worm caterpillars, Chaliodes vitrea Hampson and
Pteroma plagiophleps Hampson (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) have also been
recorded as minor pests of tamarind foliage (Nair et al., 1981). However,
these can be major pests of other trees such as Albizia falcataria. Stauropus
alternus Walk. (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), the lobster crab caterpillar, is a
minor pest which also attacks tea and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (Butani,
1979). Cryptocrameri spp. Westwood (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) and
Euproctis scintillans (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), both polyphagus species,
have been recorded as defoliators of tamarind (Brownie, 1968). Adults of
some species of Myllocerus (Coleoptera: Cuculionidae) such as M. blandus,
M. dicolor (Beeson, 1941) and M. viridinus (Kareem, 1965) are reported as
foliage feeders causing minor damage to tamarind. Other foliage feeders are
the butterfly larvae Charaxes fabius Fabr. and Taragama siva Lef., which
feed on the leaves. Beetle larvae of Lochmaeocles spp. (Cerambycidae) are
reported to cause damage to branches in Brazil (Cavalcante et al., 1977).
These Lepidoptera pests can be controlled by spraying Permethrin at 0.5%
solution (5 ml in 10 ml of water).
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