Tamarind monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

5% Aldrin, where permitted, at 500 g per tree (Butani, 1979). For more
detialed information on legal restrictions of this chemical refer to:
http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_ChemUse.jsp?Rec_Id=PC35039 Aldrin
Some thrips are reported to attack tamarind flowers. Scirtothrips dorsalis
Hood (Thysonoptera: Thripidae) is a polyphagus thrip and the adults live for
10-15 days and complete 25 overlapping generations per year (Raizada,
1965). Ramaswamiahiella subnudula is another small yellowish thrip which
attacks tamarind. Halothrips ceylonicus Schmutz (Thysanoptera:
Phlaeothripidae) is a minor pest of tamarind. Thrips can be controlled by
spraying with dimethioate, where permitted, at 20-30 ml /10 litres of water
or Fenthion at 10-15 ml /10 litres of water (Wijegunasekera, 1999, personal
communication).
The moth, Eublemma ungulifera Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) attacks
flowers, weakening them, causing them to dry and fall from the trees. The
larvae of Cydia (Laspeyresia) palamedes Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Torticidae)
also bore into tender buds. The caterpillars cover the flowers and buds with
webs and heavy losses of the crop may result. The slug caterpillar, Latoia
lepila (Parusa lepides) can be a serious pest (Babu et al. 2000).
Other minor pests in India include the bruchid beetle, Pachymerus
(Coryoborus) gonogra (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), which is the most serious
pest of tamarind in India and Pakistan (Beeson, 1941; Mathur and Singh,
1961; Butani, 1978; Chaturvedi, 1985). The eggs of this insect are laid on
the pods or on seeds whose contents are eaten by the larvae. The infestation
frequently continues in storage. Bruchid beetles can be controlled by
fumigating the pods / seeds with phosphine, ethylene bromide, carbon
tetrachloride or acrynitrile, where their use is allowed. Other bruchids, e.g.
Caryedon serratus, can also use tamarind as a host, this being the important
groundnut bruchid (Sundia and Akhil, 2004). It attacks tamarind in India,
Colombia, Puerto Rico, Egypt, South Africa, Australia and New Caledonia
(Mital and Khamna, 1967; Valez Angel, 1972; Timyan, 1996; Delobel et al.,
2003).
The lac insect Kerria lacca Ker (Hemiptera: Lacciferidae), whilst not
considered a major pest, is a widely distributed polyphagus insect in India
which attacks tamarind stems, twigs and leaves, and many other cultivated
and wild plants. Removing the affected parts in early stages, as commonly
practised by farmers, can control the lac insect. In serious infestations, the
legal spraying of diazinon or Carbosulphan at 1% solution is effective.
Chionaspis acuminate-atricolour, which is a sap sucker, can be controlled in
the same way.
Larvae of Achaea janata Linn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are reported to
cause heavy losses when epidemics of the moth infest flowers in tamarind
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