Tamarind monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

een regenerated into plantlets on MS medium containing IBA or IAA.
Higher concentrations of growth hormones (2 and 5 mg/l) induced better
rooting, but a media supplemented only with coconut water or BAP
supported growth of shoots but not that of roots (Kopp and Nadaraja, 1990).
Ganga and Balakrishnamoorthy (1997 b, cited in Rao et al., 1999) worked
out the optimum in vitro culture conditions for high frequency plant
regeneration from seedling stem explants of the 'Urigam' tamarind cultivar.
The MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l BA, and 0.5 mg/l GA
(gibberellic acid) provided the earliest response to shoot bud differentiation
and the greatest number of multiple shoots per culture. Induction of multiple
shoots from axilliary buds and in vitro rhizogenesis of these microshoots has
also been reported (Balakrishnamoorthy and Ganga, 1997 a, 1997 b, cited in
Rao et al., 1999). Response to axilliary bud proliferation was on the MS
medium plus BA and GA, while the greatest rhizogenic response was on the
MS medium at half strength plus 0.5 mg/l each of IAA and IBA. Tissue
culture raised plants have been reported to show better growth in height,
branching habit, spread of branches, and an early flowering and fruiting
cycle, with the start of flowering at an average height of 3.7 m. This
compares with seedling raised plants which flowered when the seedlings had
reached an average height of 8.0 m (Mishra, 1997, cited in Rao et al., 1999).
Cotyledonary node explants of tamarind directly developed multiple shoots
on MS supplemented with cytokinins, BA, kinetin or DAP (6-gammagamma-diemthylallylaminopurine)
(Sonia et al. 2000). The regenerated
shoots were further multiplied by culturing their nodal segments on an MS
medium containing 5x10 -6 M BA. The shoots were rooted on MS medium
containing 5x10 -6 M indoleacetic acid +0.2% of activated charcoal and the
resulting plantlets were successfully established in soil in pots.
A protocol for in vitro regeneration of plants via adventitious bud formation
from the mature embryo axis of tamarind was standardised (Mehta, et al,
2000). Explants consisting of a longitudinal section of embryo axis with
attached cotyledon were cultured on MS medium with various combinations
and concentrations of NAA, BAP and sucrose. Induction of adventitious
shoot buds was achieved in the cut surface of the axis when cultured in a
medium containing 2.69 muM NAA, 44.39 muM BAP and 4% sucrose. A
medium consisting of 0.91 muM zeatin, 2.22 muM BAP, 0.41 muM calcium
pantothenate and 0.40 muM biotin supported the differentiation of the buds
to form elongated shoots. The shoots developed roots in a half strength MS
medium with 2% sucrose following a 72 h treatment with auxin mixture in
the dark. There was successful transfer to soil.
The in vitro propagation of tamarind was influenced by the season in which
explants were collected (Prabakaran et al., 2003). The in vitro cultured
explants collected in June showed the lowest contamination percentage
(7.3%) and the highest survival percentage (92.6%), bud break percentage
60