Tamarind monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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inflorescence - the flowering part of a plant and especially the mode of its arrangement. lateral - side shoot, bud etc. mesocarp - the fleshy middle portion of the wall of a succulent fruit between the skin and the stony layer. monophyletic - descended from a single ancestral line, see also: polyphyletic. mucronate - terminated abruptly by a distinct and obvious spur or spiny tip. naturalised - to cause a plant to become established and grow undisturbed as if native. nectar - sweet secretion of glands in many kinds of flower. nectiferous - producing nectar. nodose - knobbly, knotty. oblique - slanting, unequal sided. obovate - inverted ovate; egg-shaped, with the broadest part above. orbicular - circular. ovary inferior - with the flower-parts growing from above the ovary. ovary superior - with the flower-parts growing from below the ovary. ovate - egg-shaped, with the broader end at the base. ovule - the body which after fertilisation becomes the seed. panicle - a loose irregularly compound inflorescence with pedicellate flowers. panicled - borne in a panicle. paripinnate - a pinnate (compound) leaf with all leaflets in pairs. pedicel - a tiny stalk; the support of a single flower. pendulous - more or less hanging or declined. perianth - the floral envelope consisting of the calyx and corolla. perigynous - adnate to the perianth, and therefore around the ovary and not at its base. petal - a division of the corolla; one of a circle of modified leaves immediately outside the reproductive organs, usually brightly coloured. petiole - the stalk of a leaf that attaches it to the stem. phenotype - the morphological, physiological, behavioural, and other outwardly recognisable adaptations of an organism that develop through the interaction of genes and environment. pinnate - a compound leaf consisting of several leaflets arranged on each side of a common petiole. polyphyletic - having members that originated independently, from more than one evolutionary line. propagate - to produce new plants, either by vegetative means involving the rooting or grafting of pieces of a plant, or by sowing seeds. protogynous - referring to a flower where the shedding of the pollen occurs after the stigma has ceased to be receptive. 184
pubescent - covered with hairs, especially short, soft and down-like. pulvinus - a swelling at the base of a leaf or leaflet. raceme - a simple inflorescence of pediceled flowers upon a common more or less elongated axis. rachis - the main stalk of a flower cluster or the main leafstalk of a compound leaf. radicle - the portion of the embryo below the cotyledons that will form the roots. reticulate - in the form of a network, netveined. retuse - with a shallow notch at a rounded apex. scarify - to scar or nick the seed coat to enhance germination. scurfy - covered with tiny, broad scales. self pollination - the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower, or different flowers on the same plant. sepal - a division of a calyx; one of the outermost circle of modified leaves surrounding the reproductive organs. sessile - without a stalk. sheath - a tubular envelop. stamen - one of the male pollen-bearing organs of the flower. staminode - a sterile stamen, or any structure without an anther corresponding to a stamen. stigma - that part of a pistil through which fertilisation by the pollen is effected. stipule - an appendage at the base of a petiole, often appearing in pairs, one on each side, as in roses. style - the usually attenuated portion of the pistil connecting the stigma and ovary. symbiotic - the living together of different species of organism which may or may not be to their mutual benefit. testa - the outer seed coat. tomentose - covered with a thick felt of radicles; densely pubescent with matted wool. transverse - cross-wise in position. tropism - the movement of an organism in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it. zygomorphic - capable of division by only one plane of symmetry. 185
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Fruits for the Future 1 Revised edi
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ICUC The International Centre for U
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3.5.4 Bark, flower and root........
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CHAPTER 10. ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION
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Figures 1.1 Compound leaves and lea
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Chapter 1. Introduction, Taxonomy,
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Country Language Name(s) Malawi Nig
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1.4 Description 1.4.1 Vegetative mo
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A 1 cm B 7 1 cm D C E F 1 cm 1 cm F
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Each pod contains 1-12 seeds which
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plantation scale in India and Thail
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Chapter 2. Properties of the Specie
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Table 2.3 Some physico-chemical pro
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Table 2.4 Proximate composition of
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value. It also contains 14-18% albu
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Table 2.8 Fatty acid composition of
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content. The composition of tamarin
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is therefore, not advisable (Maille
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seasoning for cooked rice, meat and
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hydrogen cyanide, trypsin inhibitor
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3.4.6 Wood Tamarind wood has many u
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presence of saponins in the fruit (
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3.5.5 Veterinary use Atawodi et al.
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set at 2.0% beyond which the jellie
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3.6.4 Tamarind pulp powder Tamarind
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covers the product. Tamarind pickle
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The seed testa contains 23% tannin,
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Patents granted (USPTO) Assignee/Ap
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ainfall; this is due in part to its
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and Madagascar (Bayala et al., 2003
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the seeds’ volume and weight, and
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Mechanical scarification has also b
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spent mushroom beds (1:1) and iii)
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months old and of uniform size shou
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The girdling of etiolated shoots re
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(84.1%), mean number of multiple sh
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transporting them. Overgrown seedli
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of aspects of tree management are d
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light yellow in colour, have been r
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5.4.3.4 Irrigation Irrigation is no
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5% Aldrin, where permitted, at 500
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The ripening pods of tamarind are a
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the tree is famous for its fine cul
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5.5.3 Large and small scale product
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Plate 1. An inflorescence showing f
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Plate 6. Cleft grafting Plate 7. Gr
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Plate 10. Mass flowering of tamarin
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Plate 14. Variation in flower colou
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Chapter 6. Reproductive Biology 6.1
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Table 6.1 Variation of flowering an
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An experiment was conducted to eval
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outcrossing. Heterogamous floral ad
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Chapter 7. Genetic Improvement 7.1
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Divakara, 2002; Shanthi, 2003). A m
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7.3.3 Ideotypes It is essential the
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Chapter 8. Genetic Resources 8.1 In
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Table 8.1 Characters useful to dist
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8.3.3 India In India, most of the a
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degree of sweetness. In the Philipp
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Chapter 9. Harvest, Postharvest and
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Tree to tree variation is widely ob
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Feungchan et al. (1966 f) attempted
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or in combination. It was found tha
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The profitability of seedling orcha
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statistics are unavailable for thes
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� Most of the exports are from on
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intervention will not only reduce e
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Country Quantity (metric Table 10.4
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Table 10.6 Export of tamarind seeds
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The major importers of fresh tamari
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tamarinds. In Thailand and the Phil
Page 143 and 144: an eco-geographic approach. Because
Page 145 and 146: 11.2.7 International trade It is no
Page 147 and 148: Arroyo, M.K. (1978) Breeding system
Page 149 and 150: Brown, W.H. (1954) Useful Plants of
Page 151 and 152: Corner, E.J.H. (1945) Wayside Trees
Page 153 and 154: FAO (1999) Progress toward developm
Page 155 and 156: (L.) Del., Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.)
Page 157 and 158: Jaiwal, P.K. and Gulati, A. (1992)
Page 159 and 160: Kumar, K.P.V. and Sethuraman, M.G.
Page 161 and 162: Maille, P. (1991) Low-tech leaf mul
Page 163 and 164: Muok, B.O., Owuor, B., Dawson, I. a
Page 165 and 166: Perrier de la Bâthie, H. (1936) Bi
Page 167 and 168: Ramos, A. Visozo, A., Piloto, J., G
Page 169 and 170: Sasidharan, K.R., Nagarajan, B., Mo
Page 171 and 172: Sone, Y. and Sato, K. (1994) Measur
Page 173 and 174: Usha, K. and Singh B. (1996) Influe
Page 175 and 176: Appendix I. Institutions and indivi
Page 177 and 178: Department of Food Technology Feder
Page 179 and 180: COSTA RICA Consejo Nacional de Prod
Page 181 and 182: Dr V. Gomathi Dep. Environ. Sci. Ta
Page 183 and 184: Small Industry Extension Training I
Page 185 and 186: PERU Dr L. Guzman Programa Acad. Ag
Page 187 and 188: Dr. R.L. Whistler Whistler Centre f
Page 189 and 190: PHILIPPINES Institute of Plant Bree
Page 191 and 192: Viyai Seed Stores PO Ranjhawawala (
Page 193: act - a much-reduced leaf, particul
Page 197 and 198: geographical distribution, 1, 10, 4
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