Tamarind monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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Teel, W. (1984) A Pocket Directory of Trees and Seeds in Kenya. Kenya Nongovernmental Organizations, Nairobi. Tesfaye, A., Tamrat, B. and Sebsebe, D. (2001) An ecological study of the vegetation of Gambella Region, Southwestern Ethiopia. Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science, 24(2): 213-228. Thimmaraju, K.R., Reddy, M.A., Swamy, N. and Sulladmath, U.V. (1977) Studies on the floral biology of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). Mysore Journal of Agricultural Science, 11: 293-298. Thiyageshwari, S., Kanna, S.U. and Dasthagir, M.G. (2003) Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and nutrient content of Tamarindus indica. Journal of Ecobiology, 15(3): 175-180. Timyan, J. (1996) Important Trees in Haiti. Southeast Consortium for International Development, 1634, 1 Street N.W. Suite 702, Washington DC 20006. Towprayoon, S., Rodtong, S., Feungchan, S., Chindaprasert, S., Yimsawat, T. and Kitpowsong, P. (1996) Rhizobium studies on tamarind root. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, Special issue No. 1: 57-67. Trate, V. and Srivasuki, K.P. (2001) Influence of Glomus fasciculatum and Pisolithus tinctorius on growth and drought tolerance of some tropical tree species. Biologia (Bratislava), 56(4): 411-416. Treewannakul, P., Chumjai, P., Rangsipath, S., Udomsade, J., Ponortong, S., Keowsonthi, C., Choeysombut, M. and Sangtaewtim, S. (2004) Knowledge transfer: sweet tamarind production and community business of sweet tamarind. [Thai]. Proceedings of the 42nd Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Kasetsart, Thailand, 3-6 February 2004. Kasetsart, Thailand, Kasetsart University. 611-618. Trimen, H. (1894) A Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon. Part 11. Connaraceae- Rubiaceae. Tamarindus indica L. Dalau & Co, 377 Soho Square W. London: 114. Troup, R.S. (1909) Indian Forest Memoirs. Indian woods and their uses. Economic Product Series. Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. 1(1):253. Troup, R.S. (1921) The Silviculture of Indian Trees Vol.11. Leguminosae (Caesalpinieae) to Verbenaceae. 7. Tamarindus indica L.: Oxford, Clarendon Press: 263-363. Tucker, S.C. (2000) Floral development in tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): Amherstia, Brownea, and Tamarindus. American Journal of Botany, 87(10): 1385-1407. Ulrich, R. (1970) Organic acids. In The Biochemistry of Fruits and Their Products Vol. 1, Hulme, A.C., (Ed.), Academic Press, New York. Usha, K. and Singh, B. (1994) Selection of tamarind tree types for higher yield. Crop Improvement, 23(2): 199-202. 162
Usha, K. and Singh B. (1996) Influence of open and cross pollination on fruit set and retention in tamarind (Tamarindus Indica L). Recent Horticulture, 3(1): 60-61. Usman, S. and Puttarudriah, (1955) A list of the insects of Mysore including termites. Mysore Department of Agriculture Bulletin. (Entomology Series) No. 16: 194 p. Valez Angel, R. (1972) The tamarind weevil, Caryedon serratus. Olivier. Three insect pests discovered recently in Antioquia. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin, 27: 71-74. Vanangamudi, K. and Vanangamudi, M. (2003) Response of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) to presowing seed treatment with growth stimulants. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 15(1): 6-11. Veluraja, K., Ayyalnarayansubburaj, S. and Paulraj, A.J. (1997) Preparation of gum from tamarind seed and its application in the preparation of composite material with sisal fibre. Carbohydrate Polymers, 34(4): 377-379. Verheij, E.M.W. and Coronel, R.E. (Eds.) (1991) Edible Fruits and Nuts. Plant Resources of Southeast Asia, Handbook 2. Wageningen, The Netherlands. Vernon-Carter, E.J., Espinosa-Paredes, G., Beristain, C.I. and Romero-Tehuitzil, H. (2001) Effect of foaming agents on the stability, rheological properties, drying kinetics and flavour retention of tamarind foam-mats. Food Research International, 34(7): 587-598. Villanueva, L.B. (1920) Pomological study of some Philippine fruits. Philippine Agriculture, 9: 97-110. Vinning, G. and Moody, T. (1997) A market compendium of tropical fruits. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Canberra, Australia: 258-266. Vogt, K. (1995) A field workers, guide to identification propagation and uses of common trees and shrubs of dry land Sudan. 52p. SOS Sahel International, 1, Tolpuddle Street, London NI OXT. UK. Von Carlowitz, P.G. (1986) Multipurpose Trees and Shrubs Seed Directory. International Council for Research Agroforestry, Nairobi: 265. Von Maydell, H.J. (1986) Trees and shrubs of the Sahel, their characteristics and uses. Rossdorf: TZ-Verlagsgesellschaft: 382-387. Von Mueller, B.F. (1881) Select Extra Tropical Plants Readily Available for Industrial Culture or Naturalisation. Tamarindus indica L. Thomas Richards, Government Printer, Sydney: 328. Watanabe, S. and Dissanayake, M.D. (1999) Tamarind. Tamarindus Indica L. Major Plant Genetic Resources of Sri Lanka: An Illustrated Guide: 73. Watt, G. (1893) Tamarindus. Linn. Dictionary of Economic Products of India. Vol V1. Part III. (Silk to Tea): 404-409. 163
Page 1 and 2:
Fruits for the Future 1 Revised edi
Page 3 and 4:
ICUC The International Centre for U
Page 5 and 6:
3.5.4 Bark, flower and root........
Page 7 and 8:
CHAPTER 10. ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION
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Figures 1.1 Compound leaves and lea
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Chapter 1. Introduction, Taxonomy,
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Country Language Name(s) Malawi Nig
Page 15 and 16:
1.4 Description 1.4.1 Vegetative mo
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A 1 cm B 7 1 cm D C E F 1 cm 1 cm F
Page 19 and 20:
Each pod contains 1-12 seeds which
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plantation scale in India and Thail
Page 23 and 24:
Chapter 2. Properties of the Specie
Page 25 and 26:
Table 2.3 Some physico-chemical pro
Page 27 and 28:
Table 2.4 Proximate composition of
Page 29 and 30:
value. It also contains 14-18% albu
Page 31 and 32:
Table 2.8 Fatty acid composition of
Page 33 and 34:
content. The composition of tamarin
Page 35 and 36:
is therefore, not advisable (Maille
Page 37 and 38:
seasoning for cooked rice, meat and
Page 39 and 40:
hydrogen cyanide, trypsin inhibitor
Page 41 and 42:
3.4.6 Wood Tamarind wood has many u
Page 43 and 44:
presence of saponins in the fruit (
Page 45 and 46:
3.5.5 Veterinary use Atawodi et al.
Page 47 and 48:
set at 2.0% beyond which the jellie
Page 49 and 50:
3.6.4 Tamarind pulp powder Tamarind
Page 51 and 52:
covers the product. Tamarind pickle
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The seed testa contains 23% tannin,
Page 55 and 56:
Patents granted (USPTO) Assignee/Ap
Page 57 and 58:
ainfall; this is due in part to its
Page 59 and 60:
and Madagascar (Bayala et al., 2003
Page 61 and 62:
the seeds’ volume and weight, and
Page 63 and 64:
Mechanical scarification has also b
Page 65 and 66:
spent mushroom beds (1:1) and iii)
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months old and of uniform size shou
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The girdling of etiolated shoots re
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(84.1%), mean number of multiple sh
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transporting them. Overgrown seedli
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of aspects of tree management are d
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light yellow in colour, have been r
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5.4.3.4 Irrigation Irrigation is no
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5% Aldrin, where permitted, at 500
Page 83 and 84:
The ripening pods of tamarind are a
Page 85 and 86:
the tree is famous for its fine cul
Page 87 and 88:
5.5.3 Large and small scale product
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Plate 1. An inflorescence showing f
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Plate 6. Cleft grafting Plate 7. Gr
Page 93 and 94:
Plate 10. Mass flowering of tamarin
Page 95 and 96:
Plate 14. Variation in flower colou
Page 97 and 98:
Chapter 6. Reproductive Biology 6.1
Page 99 and 100:
Table 6.1 Variation of flowering an
Page 101 and 102:
An experiment was conducted to eval
Page 103 and 104:
outcrossing. Heterogamous floral ad
Page 105 and 106:
Chapter 7. Genetic Improvement 7.1
Page 107 and 108:
Divakara, 2002; Shanthi, 2003). A m
Page 109 and 110:
7.3.3 Ideotypes It is essential the
Page 111 and 112:
Chapter 8. Genetic Resources 8.1 In
Page 113 and 114:
Table 8.1 Characters useful to dist
Page 115 and 116:
8.3.3 India In India, most of the a
Page 117 and 118:
degree of sweetness. In the Philipp
Page 119 and 120:
Chapter 9. Harvest, Postharvest and
Page 121 and 122: Tree to tree variation is widely ob
Page 123 and 124: Feungchan et al. (1966 f) attempted
Page 125 and 126: or in combination. It was found tha
Page 127 and 128: The profitability of seedling orcha
Page 129 and 130: statistics are unavailable for thes
Page 131 and 132: � Most of the exports are from on
Page 133 and 134: intervention will not only reduce e
Page 135 and 136: Country Quantity (metric Table 10.4
Page 137 and 138: Table 10.6 Export of tamarind seeds
Page 139 and 140: The major importers of fresh tamari
Page 141 and 142: tamarinds. In Thailand and the Phil
Page 143 and 144: an eco-geographic approach. Because
Page 145 and 146: 11.2.7 International trade It is no
Page 147 and 148: Arroyo, M.K. (1978) Breeding system
Page 149 and 150: Brown, W.H. (1954) Useful Plants of
Page 151 and 152: Corner, E.J.H. (1945) Wayside Trees
Page 153 and 154: FAO (1999) Progress toward developm
Page 155 and 156: (L.) Del., Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.)
Page 157 and 158: Jaiwal, P.K. and Gulati, A. (1992)
Page 159 and 160: Kumar, K.P.V. and Sethuraman, M.G.
Page 161 and 162: Maille, P. (1991) Low-tech leaf mul
Page 163 and 164: Muok, B.O., Owuor, B., Dawson, I. a
Page 165 and 166: Perrier de la Bâthie, H. (1936) Bi
Page 167 and 168: Ramos, A. Visozo, A., Piloto, J., G
Page 169 and 170: Sasidharan, K.R., Nagarajan, B., Mo
Page 171: Sone, Y. and Sato, K. (1994) Measur
Page 175 and 176: Appendix I. Institutions and indivi
Page 177 and 178: Department of Food Technology Feder
Page 179 and 180: COSTA RICA Consejo Nacional de Prod
Page 181 and 182: Dr V. Gomathi Dep. Environ. Sci. Ta
Page 183 and 184: Small Industry Extension Training I
Page 185 and 186: PERU Dr L. Guzman Programa Acad. Ag
Page 187 and 188: Dr. R.L. Whistler Whistler Centre f
Page 189 and 190: PHILIPPINES Institute of Plant Bree
Page 191 and 192: Viyai Seed Stores PO Ranjhawawala (
Page 193 and 194: act - a much-reduced leaf, particul
Page 195 and 196: pubescent - covered with hairs, esp
Page 197 and 198: geographical distribution, 1, 10, 4
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