Tamarind monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future

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Divakara, B.N. (2002) Clonal evaluation and genetic diversity studies using biometric and isozyme approaches in (Tamarindus indica L.). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. Duke, J.A. (1981) Handbook of Legumes of World Economic Importance. Plenum Press, New York: 228-230. Duke, J.A. and Terrell, E.E. (1974) Crop diversification matrix: Introduction. Taxon, 23(5-6): 759-799. Dwivedi, K., Wahid, A. and Pathak, R.K. (1996) Effect of sodacity on growth and mineral content of tamarind, Tamarindus indica L. Annals of Agricultural Research, 17(4): 447-449. Eggeling, W.J. and Dale, I.R. (1951) The Indigenous Trees of the Uganda Protectorate Entebbe, Uganda. The Government Printer: 491. El-Siddiq, K., Ebert, G. and Luedders, P. (1999) Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L): A review on a multipurpose tree with promising future in the Sudan, Journal of Applied Botany, 73, 5-6 El-Siddig, K., Ebert, G. and Ludders, P. (2000) Emergence and early seedling growth of Tamarindus indica L. from geographically diverse populations in the Sudan. Angewandte Botanik, 74(1/2): 17-20. El-Siddig, K., Ebert, G. and Ludders, P. (2001) A comparison of pretreatment methods for scarification and germination of Tamarindus indica L. seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 29(1): 271-274. El-Siddig, K., Gebauer, J., Ebert, G., Ali, A.M. and Inanaga, S. (2004 a) Influence of salinity on emergence and early seedling growth of Tamarindus indica L. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 69(2): 79-81. El-Siddig, K., Inanaga, S., Ali, A.M., An, P., Gebauer, J. and Ebert, G. (2004 b) Response of Tamarindus indica L. to iso-osmotic solutions of NaCl and PEG during germination. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 78(1): 1-4. FAO (1970) National Studies, FAO/UN, Rome No. 24: 50-52. FAO (1988) Fruit Bearing Trees. Technical notes. FAO-SIDA Forestry Paper 34: 165-167. FAO (1989) Prevention of Post-harvest Losses: Fruits, vegetables and root crops. FAO Training Series No. 17/2. Rome. FAO (1994) Non-wood Forest Products of Asia. RAPA Publication, 28: 41. FAO (1998) Tropical Food Plants, FAO Food and Nutrition. A resource book for promoting the exploitation and consumption of food plants in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid lands of Eastern Africa. Paper 42: 478-483. 142
FAO (1999) Progress toward development of regional action. FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Genetic Resources. Eleventh Session 29 September - 1 October. FORGEN/99/5. Feungchan, S., Yimsawat, T., Chindaprasert, S. and Kitpowsong, P. (1996 a) Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Plant genetic resources in Thailand. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, Special Issue No. (1): 1-11. Feungchan, S., Yimsawat, T., Chindaprasert, S. and Kitpowsong, P. (1996 b) Studies on the selection of tamarind rootstock. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, Special Issue No. (1): 34-41. Feungchan, S., Yimsawat, T., Chindaprasert, S. and Kitpowsong, P. (1996 c) Effect of spacing on shoot formation for propagation of tamarind seedlings. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, Special Issue, No. (1): 42-44. Feungchan, S., Yimsawat, T., Chindaprasert, S. and Kitpowsong, P. (1996 d) Effect of plant regulators in fruit setting. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, No. (1): 48- 51. Feungchan, S., Yimsawat, T., Chindaprasert, S. and Kitpowsong, P. (1996 e) Evaluation of tamarind cultivars on the chemical composition of pulp. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, Special Issue, No. (1): 28-33. Feungchan, S., Yimsawat, T., Chindaprasert, S. and Kitpowsong P. (1996 f) Studies on the colour change of tamarind pulp in storage. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, Special Issue, No. (1): 52-56. FNC/FAO (1995) Forest Products Consumption Survey in Sudan. Summary Findings. Forests National Corporation. Forestry Development Project FAO/CGP/SUD047/NET, Khartoum 8p. Frankel, O.H. and Hawkes, J.G. (1975) Crop Genetic Resources. Today and Tomorrow. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Galang, F.G. (1955) Fruits and Nuts Grown in the Philippines. Malabon, Rizal AIA Printing Press. Gamble, J.S. (1922) A Manual of Indian Timbers. London Sampson Low, Marston & Co: 866. Garba, M., Yakasai, I.A., Bakare, M.T. and Munir, H.Y. (2003) Effect of Tamarindus indica L on the bioavailability of ibuprofen in healthy human volunteers. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 28(3): 179-184. Gashaw, M. and Michelsen, A.O.F. (2002) Influence of heat shock on seed germination of plants from regularly burnt savanna woodlands and grasslands. Plant Ecology, 159 (1): 83-93. Gebauer, J., El-Siddig, K. and Ebert, G. (2001) Response of Tamarindus indica seedlings to salt stress. Journal of Applied Botany, 75(3/4): 97-100. 143
Page 1 and 2:
Fruits for the Future 1 Revised edi
Page 3 and 4:
ICUC The International Centre for U
Page 5 and 6:
3.5.4 Bark, flower and root........
Page 7 and 8:
CHAPTER 10. ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION
Page 9 and 10:
Figures 1.1 Compound leaves and lea
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Chapter 1. Introduction, Taxonomy,
Page 13 and 14:
Country Language Name(s) Malawi Nig
Page 15 and 16:
1.4 Description 1.4.1 Vegetative mo
Page 17 and 18:
A 1 cm B 7 1 cm D C E F 1 cm 1 cm F
Page 19 and 20:
Each pod contains 1-12 seeds which
Page 21 and 22:
plantation scale in India and Thail
Page 23 and 24:
Chapter 2. Properties of the Specie
Page 25 and 26:
Table 2.3 Some physico-chemical pro
Page 27 and 28:
Table 2.4 Proximate composition of
Page 29 and 30:
value. It also contains 14-18% albu
Page 31 and 32:
Table 2.8 Fatty acid composition of
Page 33 and 34:
content. The composition of tamarin
Page 35 and 36:
is therefore, not advisable (Maille
Page 37 and 38:
seasoning for cooked rice, meat and
Page 39 and 40:
hydrogen cyanide, trypsin inhibitor
Page 41 and 42:
3.4.6 Wood Tamarind wood has many u
Page 43 and 44:
presence of saponins in the fruit (
Page 45 and 46:
3.5.5 Veterinary use Atawodi et al.
Page 47 and 48:
set at 2.0% beyond which the jellie
Page 49 and 50:
3.6.4 Tamarind pulp powder Tamarind
Page 51 and 52:
covers the product. Tamarind pickle
Page 53 and 54:
The seed testa contains 23% tannin,
Page 55 and 56:
Patents granted (USPTO) Assignee/Ap
Page 57 and 58:
ainfall; this is due in part to its
Page 59 and 60:
and Madagascar (Bayala et al., 2003
Page 61 and 62:
the seeds’ volume and weight, and
Page 63 and 64:
Mechanical scarification has also b
Page 65 and 66:
spent mushroom beds (1:1) and iii)
Page 67 and 68:
months old and of uniform size shou
Page 69 and 70:
The girdling of etiolated shoots re
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(84.1%), mean number of multiple sh
Page 73 and 74:
transporting them. Overgrown seedli
Page 75 and 76:
of aspects of tree management are d
Page 77 and 78:
light yellow in colour, have been r
Page 79 and 80:
5.4.3.4 Irrigation Irrigation is no
Page 81 and 82:
5% Aldrin, where permitted, at 500
Page 83 and 84:
The ripening pods of tamarind are a
Page 85 and 86:
the tree is famous for its fine cul
Page 87 and 88:
5.5.3 Large and small scale product
Page 89 and 90:
Plate 1. An inflorescence showing f
Page 91 and 92:
Plate 6. Cleft grafting Plate 7. Gr
Page 93 and 94:
Plate 10. Mass flowering of tamarin
Page 95 and 96:
Plate 14. Variation in flower colou
Page 97 and 98:
Chapter 6. Reproductive Biology 6.1
Page 99 and 100:
Table 6.1 Variation of flowering an
Page 101 and 102: An experiment was conducted to eval
Page 103 and 104: outcrossing. Heterogamous floral ad
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 7. Genetic Improvement 7.1
Page 107 and 108: Divakara, 2002; Shanthi, 2003). A m
Page 109 and 110: 7.3.3 Ideotypes It is essential the
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 8. Genetic Resources 8.1 In
Page 113 and 114: Table 8.1 Characters useful to dist
Page 115 and 116: 8.3.3 India In India, most of the a
Page 117 and 118: degree of sweetness. In the Philipp
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 9. Harvest, Postharvest and
Page 121 and 122: Tree to tree variation is widely ob
Page 123 and 124: Feungchan et al. (1966 f) attempted
Page 125 and 126: or in combination. It was found tha
Page 127 and 128: The profitability of seedling orcha
Page 129 and 130: statistics are unavailable for thes
Page 131 and 132: � Most of the exports are from on
Page 133 and 134: intervention will not only reduce e
Page 135 and 136: Country Quantity (metric Table 10.4
Page 137 and 138: Table 10.6 Export of tamarind seeds
Page 139 and 140: The major importers of fresh tamari
Page 141 and 142: tamarinds. In Thailand and the Phil
Page 143 and 144: an eco-geographic approach. Because
Page 145 and 146: 11.2.7 International trade It is no
Page 147 and 148: Arroyo, M.K. (1978) Breeding system
Page 149 and 150: Brown, W.H. (1954) Useful Plants of
Page 151: Corner, E.J.H. (1945) Wayside Trees
Page 155 and 156: (L.) Del., Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.)
Page 157 and 158: Jaiwal, P.K. and Gulati, A. (1992)
Page 159 and 160: Kumar, K.P.V. and Sethuraman, M.G.
Page 161 and 162: Maille, P. (1991) Low-tech leaf mul
Page 163 and 164: Muok, B.O., Owuor, B., Dawson, I. a
Page 165 and 166: Perrier de la Bâthie, H. (1936) Bi
Page 167 and 168: Ramos, A. Visozo, A., Piloto, J., G
Page 169 and 170: Sasidharan, K.R., Nagarajan, B., Mo
Page 171 and 172: Sone, Y. and Sato, K. (1994) Measur
Page 173 and 174: Usha, K. and Singh B. (1996) Influe
Page 175 and 176: Appendix I. Institutions and indivi
Page 177 and 178: Department of Food Technology Feder
Page 179 and 180: COSTA RICA Consejo Nacional de Prod
Page 181 and 182: Dr V. Gomathi Dep. Environ. Sci. Ta
Page 183 and 184: Small Industry Extension Training I
Page 185 and 186: PERU Dr L. Guzman Programa Acad. Ag
Page 187 and 188: Dr. R.L. Whistler Whistler Centre f
Page 189 and 190: PHILIPPINES Institute of Plant Bree
Page 191 and 192: Viyai Seed Stores PO Ranjhawawala (
Page 193 and 194: act - a much-reduced leaf, particul
Page 195 and 196: pubescent - covered with hairs, esp
Page 197 and 198: geographical distribution, 1, 10, 4
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