Tamarind monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future
Tamarind monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future
Tamarind monograph.pdf - Crops for the Future
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eceptive period. All unpollinated flowers drop within two days. In contrast<br />
in controlled cross pollination fruit set was more than 75% whilst controlled<br />
self-pollination resulted in 2-6% fruit set (Table 6.3) (Nagarajan et al.,<br />
1997). Usha and Singh (1996) also reported that controlled cross pollination<br />
results in higher fruit set and retention in tamarind than when open or selfpollinated.<br />
Fruit set was only 36% with open pollination whereas it increased<br />
to 56% with cross-pollination.<br />
Table 6.3 Fruit setting in tamarind cultivars under open and controlled<br />
pollinations<br />
Treatment Clone<br />
NBN1 NBN2 NBN3 RDB<br />
Open<br />
pollination<br />
(%)<br />
Self<br />
pollination<br />
(%)<br />
Cross<br />
pollination<br />
(%)<br />
1.65<br />
(1.28)<br />
2.40<br />
(1.51)<br />
2.32<br />
(1.51)<br />
6.80<br />
(2.59)<br />
1.15<br />
(1.07)<br />
2.60<br />
(1.59)<br />
92<br />
Patna<br />
1.47<br />
(1.21)<br />
4.60<br />
(2.13)<br />
JRK<br />
1.44<br />
(1.19)<br />
NA<br />
SEM LSD CV<br />
(%)<br />
0.08<br />
0.12<br />
0.17<br />
0.23<br />
10.3<br />
84.20 88.20 87.40 75.80 NA 0.18 0.39<br />
(9.16) (9.39) (9.34) (8.70)<br />
Source: Nagarajan et al., 1997.<br />
Note: NBN, RDB Patna and JRK are tamarind clones identified from<br />
Gottipura, Karnataka State, India. NA=Not available. SEM=Standard error<br />
of means. The values in paran<strong>the</strong>sis are trans<strong>for</strong>med means (square root<br />
trans<strong>for</strong>mation).<br />
Based on <strong>the</strong> results of controlled pollination experiments, Nagarajan et al.<br />
(1997) suggested that tamarind is a self-incompatible species. No fruit set<br />
was observed following exclusion of pollen during controlled pollination<br />
experiments suggesting that tamarind is not an apomictic species. Similar<br />
observations were also made in an on-going study in Sri Lanka. Although<br />
different clones respond slightly differently in controlled pollination<br />
treatments, <strong>the</strong> trend of results seems common <strong>for</strong> all types of tamarind<br />
(Nagarajan et al., 1997).<br />
<strong>Tamarind</strong> is a predominately outcrossing species with some level of selfing.<br />
This may be <strong>the</strong> reason <strong>for</strong> bearing of fruits even in isolated trees. Shanthi<br />
(2003) studied isozyme analysis of <strong>the</strong> mating system (with Aat, Adh and<br />
Pdh loci) of tamarind using open pollinated seeds from 225 individuals from<br />
Dharmapuri populations in India. Results revealed that single and multilocus<br />
outcrossing rates of tamarind were 0.68 and 0.67 respectively. High<br />
levels of within population variation and low levels of between population<br />
variations observed by Shanthi (2003) also revealed that <strong>the</strong> species is highly<br />
8.6<br />
3.1