Cytogenetic variations in Clarias species 285Scopoli, 1777. The <strong>Zoo</strong>logist, 1(2): 23 –34.EYO, J. E. (2003). Congeneric discrimination ofmorphometric characters among membersof the Pisces Genus Clarias (Clariidae) inAnambra River, Nigeria. The <strong>Zoo</strong>logist ,2(1 ): 86 – 103.EYO, J.E. (2004a). The Effects of SubstitutingSoyabean Meal for Breadfruit Meal onDiets Acceptability, Growth Response andCost of Diets Fed to Heterobranchusbidorsalis (%) X Clarias gariepinus (&)Hybrid. Bio-Research, 2(2): 27 – 33.EYO, J. E. (2004b). Differences in meristic countsof the genus Clarias (Pisces: Clariidae) inAnambra river, Nigeria. Animal ResearchInternational, 1(1): 31 – 35.EYO, J. E. and EZECHIE, C. U. (2004). The Effectsof Rubber (Havea brasiliensis) Seed MealBased Diets on Diet Acceptability andGrowth Performance of Heterobranchusbidorsalis (%) X Clarias gariepinus (&)Hybrid. Journa l of Sustainable TropicalAgriculture Research, 10:EYO, J. E. and INYANG, N. M. (2003). RegressionModel and Clarias species (Clariidae –Scopoli 1777) Taxonomy. Journal ofScience and Technology Research, 2(3):40 – 49.EZENWAJI, H. M. G. (1989). Aspects of the Biologyof some “small” Clarias species inAnambra River Basin, Nigeria. PhDThesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. 244pp.FELDBERG, E. and BERTOLLO, L. A. C. (1985).Karyotypes of 10 species of Neotropicalcichlids (Pisces: Perciformes). Caryologia,38 (3 - 4 ): 257 - 268.FELBERG, E., BERTOLLO, L. A. C., TOLEDO, L. F.A., FORESTI, F., FICHO, O. M. andSANTOS, A. F. (1987). Biological aspectsof Amazonian fish IX. Cytogenetic studiesin two species of the genusSemaprochilodous (Pisces, Prochilodontidae).Genome, 29: 1 – 4.FITZSIMONS, J. M., LEGRANDE, W. H. and KERTH,J. W. (1988). Karyology of the marinecatfish Bagre marinus (Ariidae) with ananalysis of chromosome numbers amongSiluriforms fishes. Japanese Journal o fIchthyology, 35(2 ): 189 – 193.FUNAKI, K., MATSAI, S. and SASAKI, M. (1975).Location of nucleolar <strong>org</strong>anizers in animaland plant chromosomes by means of animproved N-banding technique.Chromosoma, 22(4): 223 – 236.GOSLINE, W. A. (1975). The palatine-maxillarymechanisms in catfishes, with commentson the evolution and zoogeography ofmodern Siluriods. Occasional Papers,California Academy of Science, 120: 1 –31.HAAF, T. and SCHMID, M. (1984). An early stageof ZW/ZZ sex chromosomes differentiationin Poecilia sphenops var melanistica(Poeciliidae, Cyprinodontiformes).Chromosoma, 89: 37 – 41.HARTHEY, S. E. (1987). The chromosomes ofsalmonid fishes. Biological Reviews, 62:197 – 214.HOWEL, W. M. and BLACK, D. A. (1979). Locationof the nucleolus <strong>org</strong>anizer regions on thesex chromosomes of the banded killifish,Fundulus diaphanus. Copeia, 1979: 544 –546.KALLMAN, K. D. (1973). The sex-determiningmechanism of the platyfish Xyphophorusmaculatus. Pages 19 – 28. In:SCHRODER, J. H. (Ed). Genetics andmutagenesis of fish. Springer-Verlag,Berlin.KLIGERMAN, A. D. and BLOOM, S. E. (1977).Rapid chromosome preparations fromsolid tissues of fishes. Journal of FisheryResearch Board of Canada, 34: 266 – 269.KORNFIELD, I, L., RICHLER, U. R. and WAHRMAN,J. (1979). Biochemical and cytogeneticaldifferentiation among cichlid fishes of thesea of Galilee. Evolution, 33: 1 – 14.LAGLER, F. K., BARDACH, I. E., MILLER, R. R. andMAY PASSINO, D. R. (1977). Ichthyology.Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, NewYork. 506 pp.LEGRANDE, W. H. (1981). Chromosomal evolutionin North American catfishes (Siluriformes:Ictaluridae) with particular emphasis onthe madtones, Nototus. Copeia, 1: 33 –52.LEVAN, A., FREGDA, K. and SANDBURG, A. (1964).Nomenclature for centromeric position onchromosomes. Hereditas, 52: 201 – 220.LOWE-MCCONNELL, R. H. (1972). FreshwaterFishes of the Volta and Kainji lakes.Ghana University Press, Accra.MAYR, E. (1969). Principles of systematic zoology.THM Edition, McGraw-Hill Coy, Ltd.Bombay. 428 pp.MELLMAN, W. J. (1965). Human peripheral bloodleucocyte cultures. Pages 22 – 56. In:YUNIS, J. J. (Ed). Human ChromosomesMethodology. Academic Press, New York.OHNO, S., MURAMOTO, J., KLEIN, and ATKIN, N.B. (1969). Diploid tetraploid relationship inclupeoid and salmonoid fish. Pages 139 –147. In: DARLINGTON, C. D. and LEWIS,K. R. (Eds.). Chromosomes Today,<strong>Volume</strong> 2, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.OJIMA, Y. and YAMANO, T. (1980). Theassignment of the nuclear <strong>org</strong>anizer in thechromosomes of the fauna (Carassius,
EYO, Joseph Effiong 286Cyprinidae, Pisces). Proceedings of theJapanese Academic of Sciences, 56B: 551– 556.OLIVERIA, C., ALMEIDA TOLEDO, L. F., FORESTBRISKI, H. A. and TOLEDO FILHO, S. A.(1988). Chromosome formulae ofNeotropical freshwater fishes. Review o fBrazilian Geneticist, 11(3): 577 – 624.OZOUF-COSTAZ, C., TEUGELS, G. G. andLEGENDRE, M. (1990). Karyologicalanalysis of three stains of the Africancatfish Clarias gariepinus Clariidae used inaquaculture. Aquaculture, 87: 271 – 277.PREHN. L. M. and RASCH, E. M. (1969).Cytogenetic studies of Poecilia (Pisces). 1.Chromosome numbers of naturallyoccurring poeciliid species and theirhybrids from eastern Mexico. CanadianJournal of Genetics and Cytology, 11: 880– 895.RIGAS, D. A. and OSGOOD, E. E. (1954).Purification and properties of thephytohemagglutinin of Phaseolus vulgaris.Journal o f Biological Chemistry, 212: 607– 609.SOLA, L., CATAUDELLA, S. and CAPANNA, E.(1981). New developments in vertebratecytotaxonomy III. Karyology of bonyfishes: A Review. Genetica, 54: 285 – 328.SYDENHAM, D. H. J. (1983). A key to the genusClarias in Nigeria. Memograph of theDepartment of <strong>Zoo</strong>logy, University ofIbadan, Nigeria. 2 pp.TEUGELS, G. G. (1982). A systematic outline of theAfrican species of the genus Clarias(Pisces, Clariidae) with annotatedbiography. Annales du musee Royal de L’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Sciences<strong>Zoo</strong>logyques. 230 pp.TEUGELS, G. G., OZOUF-COSTAZ, C., LEGENDRE,M. and PARENT, M. (1992). A karyologicalanalysis of the artificial hybridizationbetween Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822and Heterobranchus longifilisValenciennes. 1840 (Pisces: Clariidae).Journal ofFish Biology, 40: 81 – 86.THORGAARD, G. H. (1977). Heteromorphic sexchromosomes in male rainbow trout.Science, 196: 900 – 902.UWA, H. (1986). Karyotype evolution andgeographical distribution in the ricefish,genus Oryzias (Oryziidae). Pages 867 -876. In: UYENO, T., ARAI, R., TANIUCHIT. and MATSUURA, K. (eds.) Indo-PacificFish Biology: Proceedings of the SecondInternational Conference on Indo-PacificFishes. Ichthyological Society of Japan,Tokyo.UWA, H. and IWATA, A. (1981). Karyotype andcellular DNA content of Oryzias javanicus(Oryziidae, Pisces). ChromosomesInformation Service (CIS), 31: 24 – 26.UWA, H. and MAGTOON, W. (1986). Descriptionand karyotype of a new rice fish, Oryziasmekongensis, from Thailand. Copeia,1986(2): 473 – 478.UWA, H. and PARENTI, L. R. (1988). Morphometricand meristic variation in ricefish, genusOryzias: a comparison with cytogeneticdata. Japanese Journal o f Ichthyology ,35(2 ): 159 – 166.UWA, H., TANAKA, K. and FORMACION, M. J.(1982). Karyotype and banding analysesof the Hawaiian medaka Oryziascurvinotus (Pisces). ChromosomeInformation Service (CIS), 33: 15 – 17.UWA, H., WANG, R. and CHEN, Y. (1988).Karyotypes and geographical distributionof ricefishes from Y<strong>unn</strong>an, South WesternChina. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology,35(3 ): 332 – 340.WHITE, M. J. D. (1978). Modes of speciation.Freeman and Company, San Francisco.187 pp.WOLF, U., RITTER, H., AKIN, N. and OHNO, S.(1969). Polyploidization in the fish familyCyprinidae, order Cypriniformes. I. DNAcontent and chromosome set in variousspecies of Cyprinidae. Humangenetik, 7:240 – 244.YU, X., ZHOU, T., LI. K. and ZHOU, M. (1987). Onthe karyosystematics of cyprinid fishesand a summary of fish chromosomalstudies in China. Genetica, 72: 225 – 236.
- Page 1 and 2:
Animal ResearchInternational ®Anim
- Page 4 and 5:
Influence of dietary protein conten
- Page 7 and 8:
MGBENKA, Bernard Obialo et al. 216T
- Page 9 and 10:
MGBENKA, Bernard Obialo et al. 218(
- Page 11 and 12:
EKWUNIFE, Chinyelu Angela 220repeat
- Page 13 and 14:
EKWUNIFE, Chinyelu Angela 222Table
- Page 15 and 16:
Animal Research International (2005
- Page 17 and 18:
ORJI, Raphael Christopher Agamadoda
- Page 19 and 20:
OGUGUA Victor Nwadiogbu and IKEJIAK
- Page 21 and 22:
OGUGUA Victor Nwadiogbu and IKEJIAK
- Page 23 and 24:
OLUAH, Ndubuisi Stanley et al. 232G
- Page 25 and 26: OLUAH, Ndubuisi Stanley et al. 234C
- Page 27 and 28: ATAMA, Chinedu and MGBENKA, Bernard
- Page 29 and 30: ATAMA, Chinedu and MGBENKA, Bernard
- Page 31 and 32: Animal Research International (2005
- Page 33 and 34: EZEAGU, Ikechukwu Edwin 242Table 1:
- Page 35 and 36: EZEAGU, Ikechukwu Edwin 244Table 5:
- Page 37 and 38: Animal Research International (2005
- Page 39 and 40: 248Table 1: Percentage (%) mean cru
- Page 41 and 42: 250breakdown proteins into peptones
- Page 43 and 44: Animal Research International (2005
- Page 45 and 46: OKAFOR, Anthony Ikechukwu and CHUKW
- Page 47 and 48: OKAFOR, Fabian Chukwuemenam and OMU
- Page 49 and 50: OKAFOR, Fabian Chukwuemenam and OMU
- Page 51 and 52: OKAFOR, Fabian Chukwuemenam and OMU
- Page 53 and 54: OTITOJU Olawale and ONWURAH Ikechuk
- Page 55 and 56: OTITOJU Olawale and ONWURAH Ikechuk
- Page 57 and 58: OTITOJU Olawale and ONWURAH Ikechuk
- Page 59 and 60: UCHEWA, Emmanuel Nwafoagu et al. 26
- Page 61 and 62: UCHEWA, Emmanuel Nwafoagu et al. 27
- Page 63 and 64: UCHEWA, Emmanuel Nwafoagu et al. 27
- Page 65 and 66: UCHEWA, Emmanuel Nwafoagu et al. 27
- Page 67 and 68: EYO, Joseph Effiong 276Karyotype ev
- Page 69 and 70: EYO, Joseph Effiong 278MATERIALS AN
- Page 71 and 72: EYO, Joseph Effiong 280Based on the
- Page 73 and 74: EYO, Joseph Effiong 28210Figure 7:
- Page 75: EYO, Joseph Effiong 284Relative chr