ARI Volume 2 Number 1.pdf - Zoo-unn.org

ORJI, Raphael Christopher Agamadodaigwe 226Mortality was high during the first day,increasing on the second day and decreased onthe third day, after transportation (Table 3).During pilot transportations, there was drasticreduction of dissolved oxygen content of the watersamples from 10.99mls per litre to 2.4 mls per litreand from 7.62 mls per litre to 2.69 mls per litrerespectively on two transportations. This drasticreduction in dissolved oxygen (DO) necessitatedthe use of aerator in subsequent transportations,which yielded better results in terms of higherhaematocrit value and lower mortality.DISCUSSIONThe overall results obtained so far on thephysiological indices of stress reveal thattransportation of Oreochromis niloticus let todecreased haematocrit. This decrease in the valueof haematocrit caused by stress conforms toresults obtained by (Soivio and Oikari 1976,Madden 1977, Hattingh 1976, Nomura andKawatsum 1977 and Sikoki, et al 1989), butdiffered from that of (Casillas and Smith 1977).The later observed an increase in haematocritvalue of fish when stressed. A possibleexplanation of this variation could be thathaematocrit value increases within the first 20-30minutes after stress inducement and later starts todecrease. This proposition is based on the factthat Casillas and Smith sampled their fish bloodwithin 20 minutes after stress inducement.Alternatively, it could be argued that Casillas andSmith sampled their fish blood in an aerobicenvironment. Since (Soivio and Nybols 1973)stated that haematocrit of Rainbow trout could bechanged invitro by placing the blood in an aerobicor anaerobic environments. An anaerobicenvironment could cause a decline of greater than10% of the original haematocrit value, whereas anaerobic condition could cause an increase of10-30% and this was the range recorded by Casillasand Smith. Be that as it may, it will be useful tocarry out a time-course study of the pattern of thehaematocrit stress response under varying mediaconditions in fish.REFERENCESBERKA, R. (1986). The transportation of live fish, areview, Fisheries Research Institute,Scientific information centre. EIFACTechnical Paper, 48: 1 – 48.CARMICHAEL, G. J. (1984). Long distant trucktransport of intensively reared largemonth bass. Progressive Fish Culturist,46(2): 111 – 115.CASILLAS, E. and SMITH, A. (1977). Effects ofstress on blood coagulation andhaematology in rainbow trout, Salmogairdneri. Journal of Fish Biology, 10: 481– 487.HATTINGH, J. (1976). Blood sugar as an indicatorof stress in fresh water Fish - Labeocapensis. Journal of Fish Biology, 10: 191– 195.MADDEN, J. A. (1976). Use of electroanaesthesiawith fresh water teleosts: somephysiological consequences in Salmogairdneri. Journal of Fish Biology, 9: 451 –467.MC-CRAREN, J. P. (1978). Manual o f fish culture –fish transportation. United State Fish andWild Life Services. pp 12 – 15.NOMURA, J. and KAWATSU, N. (1977). Variation ofhaematocrit value of rainbow trout bloodsamples incubated under differentconditions. Aquatic Society and FishAbstract, 43(3): 301 – 306.ORJI, R. C .A. (1998). Effect of transportation stresson hepatic glycogen of Oreochromisniloticus. Naga ICLARM, 21(3): 20 – 22.ORJI, R. C. A. (2003). Effect of transportation stresson interregnal cell nuclear size ofOreochromis niloticus, Journal o f Innovationof Life Science, 7: 32 – 36.SHARP, C. S., THOMSON, D. A., BLANKERSHIP, H. L.and SHRECK, C. B. (1998). Effect of routinetagging and handling procedures onphysiological stress responses in juvenileChinook salmon. Progressive Fish Culturist,60(2): 81 – 87.SHRECK, C. B. and LORZ, N. W. (1978). Stressresponse of coho salmon elicited byCadmium and Copper and potential use ofcortisol as an indicator of stress. Journal o fFishery Research Board Canada, 35: 1124 –1129.SOIVIO, A. and NYHLOS, K. (1973). Notes onrainbow trout – Salmo gaidneri. Aquaculture,2: 31 – 35.SOIVIO, A. and OIKARI, A. (1976). Haematologicaleffects of handling stress on Esox lucius.Journal of Fish Biology, 8: 397 – 411.SIKOKI, F. D., CIROMA, A. I. and EJIKE, C. (1989).Haematological changes in Clariasgariepinus, following exposure to sub lethalconcentrations of Zinc, lead and Cadmium.Pages xx - zz. In: ONYIA, A. D and ASALA,G. N. (ed). Proceedings of the 7th AnnualConference of Fisheries Society of Nigeria,FISON, Bukuru, Nigeria. Held November 13– 17, 1989.SPECKER, J. L. and SHRECK, C. B. (1979).Anaesthetic and cortisol concentration inyearling Chinook salmon. Journal o f FisheryResearch Board Canada, 29: 178 – 183.WEDEMEYER, G. A. and YASUTAKE, W. T. (1977).Clinical methods for the assessment of theeffects of environmental stress on fishhealth. Pages 11 – 18. In: Technical Paperof the United States Fish and WildlifeServices, Washington D. C.