Prevalence and intensity rates of urinary schistosomiasis 223people do not go to the lake during the rainyseason, mass treatment of villagers around theschools identified with S. haematobium during therainy season would be beneficial in curtailingincidence of schistosomiasis. Such an approach willhave the effect of reducing the parasite load ofinfected numbers of the affected communities andthus reducing the chances of re-infecting the snailsin the water during the dry season. It is alsopossible that some infected snails would die duringthe lengthy period of the rainy season becauseBayne and Loker (1987) reported that infectionsignificantly reduced snail host survival ahappenstance that would further weaken thetransmission cycle and make the control measuremore effective.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe author wishes to thank Mr. John Emekwuluwho served as guide by taking me around both tovarious Primary schools and during the estimationof lake distance to the villages.REFERENCESAPPLETON, C. C. and BRUTON, M. N. (1979)Epidemiology of schistosmiasis in theVicinity of Lake Sibaya, with a Note onother Areas of Tonga land (Natal, SouthAfrica). Annals of Tropica l Medicine andParasitology, 73 (6): 316 – 516.BAYNE, C. J. and LOKER, E. S. (1987). Survivalwithin the Snail Host. Pages 321 – 346.In: ROLLINSON, D. and SIMPSON, J. A.(Eds). The Biology of Schistosomes fromGene to Latrines. Academic Press Ltd.London.BLUM, D., FEACHEM, R. G., HUTTY, S. R. A.,KIRKWOOD, B. R., and EMEH, R. N.(1987). The Effects of distance andseason on the use of boreholes innortheastern Imo State, Nigeria. Journalof Tropica l Medicine and Hygiene, 99: 45– 48.BRADLEY D. J. (1963). A Quantitative approach toBilharza. East African Medicine Journal, 49(5): 240 – 249.EMEJULU, C. A. (1994). Epidemiology of urinaryschistosomiasis in Agulu lake area ofAnambra State, Nigeria. MSc ThesisUniversity of Nigeria, Nsukka. 96 pp.FORSYTH, D. M. A. (1969). A longitudinal Study ofEndemic Urinary Schistosomiasis in aSmall East African Community. Bulletin ofWorld Health Organization, 40: 711 – 783.FULFORD, A. J., BUTTERWORTH, A. E., OUMA, J.H., STURROCK, R. F. (1995). A statisticalapproach to schistosome populationdynamics and estimation of the life-spanof Schistosoma mansoni in man.Parasitology, 110: 307 – 316.JONES, C. R. (1973). Health component in theVolta lake research project - Report onproject result, conclusion andrecommendations. WHO unpublishedmimeograph Document, AFR/SCHIST/27McCLUCCOUGH, F. S. and BRADLEY, D. J. (1973).Egg Output Stability and the Epidemiologyof Schistosoma heamotobuim. Part IVariation and Stability in Egg Counts.Transactions of the Royal Society ofTropical Medicine and Hygiene, 67(4): 475– 500.OLIVER, I. J, and UEMURA, K. (1973). TechniquesStatistical Methods and Recording Forms.Pages 620 – 748. In: ANS<strong>ARI</strong>, N. (Ed).Epidemiology and control ofschistosomasis. Karger Basel andUniversity Park Press, Baltimore.SCOTT, D., SENKER, K. and ENGLAND, E. C.(1982). Epidemiology of humanSchistosoma haematobium infectionaround Volta lake, Ghana (1973 – 75).Bulletin of World Health Organization, 60(1): 89 – 100.STIMMEL, C. M. and SCOTT, J. A. (1956). Theregularity of egg out put of Schistosomaheamatobuim. Texas Reports in Biologyand Medicine, 14: 440 – 458.WILKINS, H. A. (1977). Schistosoma haematobiumin a Gambian community I, The intensityand prevalence of infection. Annals o fTropical Medicine and Parasitology, 71: 53– 88.WILKINS, H. A., GOLL, P. H., Marshall, T. F. andMoore, P. J. (1984). Dynamics of S.haematobium Infection in a Gambiancommunity III, Acquisition and loss ofinfection. Transactions o f the RoyalSociety of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,78: 227 – 232.WHO (1987). Basic Aspects of the Epidemiology ofHuman African Schistosomiasis. In:CHRISTENSEN. N. and FURU, P. (Eds).World Health Organization, CollaboratingCentre, Danish.
Animal Research International (2005) 2(1): 224 – 226 224THE EFFECT OF TRANSPORTATION STRESS ON HAEMATOCRIT LEVEL OFOreochromis niloticus LINNAEUSORJI, Raphael Christopher AgamadodaigweDepartment of Fisheries, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, NigeriaABSTRACTTransportation stress was investigated in Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) by transportingsamples in open rectangular iron tanks from Panyam fish farm, Plateau State of Nigeria toUniversi ty of Jos , Nigeria. All fish appeared more stressed with higher densities and increasingmedia salt employed in transportation. There was a significant difference between meanhaematocrit values of control (before transportation) and those of low, medium and highdensities (p < 0.05). Transportation under different saline concentrations showed significantdifference between means haematocrit value of control and varying media saline levels (p
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EYO, Joseph Effiong 286Cyprinidae,