ARI Volume 2 Number 1.pdf - Zoo-unn.org

Prevalence and intensity rates of urinary schistosomiasis 221Table 1: Prevalence rates of urinary schistosomiasis in primary schools (P/S) in Agulu byseasonSchool Village located Dry season Rainy seasonNo.Exam.No.Infection%InfectionNo.Exam.No.Infection%InfectionAgunkwo P/S Amaorji 70 0 0 42 0 0Central ,, Odidama, Obe 200 0 0 192 0 0Chukwuka ,, Uhueme,Ukunu 241 0 0 243 0 0Community ,, Umunowu 219 76 34.7 216 74 34.3Ezeanyanwu ,, Odidama, Okpu 233 0 0 220 0 0Nwanchi ,, Nwanchi,NneohaAmaezike 110 0 0 90 0 0Obe ,, Obe 233 0 219 0 0 0Obeagu ,, Obeagu 169 7 4.1 151 5 3.3Onike ,, Okpu 140 0 0 112 0 0Practicing ,, Nkitaku, Umubiala,Okpuifite, Amatutu 532 128 24.1 506 119 23.5Udoka ,, Ukunu, Isimaigbo 189 0 0 180 0 0Ugwuaba ,, Umuifite 185 80 43.2 174 75 43.1Umuowelle ,, Umuowelle 201 111 55.2 189 105 55.6Ifiteani ,, Ifiteani 141 33 23.4 101 22 21.9Nneogidi ,, Nneogidi 186 55 29.6 172 50 29.1Total 3029 450 16.2 2807 450 16.1Table 2: Infection rate (%) and geometric mean (GM) egg count during dry and rainy seasonin the endemic villages among age groupsSchoolDry seasonRainy season0 – 4 5 – 9 10 – 14 5 – 19 0 – 4 5 – 9 10 – 14 5 – 19% GM % GM % GM % GM % GM % GM % GM % GM1. 29.4 11.2 61.1 29.9 70.1 48.4 55.2 28.5 34.1 8.0 54.8 20.2 73.3 36.4 52.2 24.92 0 0 33.8 19.4 51.2 39.9 42.4 24.5 0 0 36.5 14.0 52.5 30.3 32.3 20.23 10.0 11.5 32.4 16.9 50.0 36.7 27.5 23.5 16.7 8.2 30.0 12.4 48.7 22.5 27.5 15.54 0 0 22.9 14.7 47.1 31.5 18.8 20.2 0 0 19.1 11.2 47.0 24.2 20.0 13.75 0.7 5.0 24.1 10.7 41.3 28.0 32.0 20.0 0 0 22.4 8.2 41.6 21.7 31.9 12.96 0 0 14.3 14.7 33.3 19.4 22.2 11.0 0 0 13.3 11.0 33.3 5.2 14.3 7.07 0 0 1.9 8.3 8.9 14.8 5.3 14.0 0 0 4.2 8.0 5.9 12.2 0 01. Umuowelle Primary School 2. Ugwuaba Primary School 3. Community Primary School 4.Nneogidi Pr imary School 5 .Practicing Primary School 6 . Ifiteani Primary School 7. Obeagu Primary Schoolgroup and then declined. The infection ratesamong the various age groups in the differentschools were close for both dry and wet season.This could be due to the long life span of theworm (3 – 5 years), (Wilkins et al 1984, Fulford etal 1995), thus same infected individuals remaininfected during both seasons. However, theGeometric mean of egg output declinedremarkably in the rainy season. Though thepeople remain infected in the rainy season, thelow egg count during that period could be due to abreak in the transmission of disease during thewet season occasioned by non visit/reducedcontact with transmission sites at such times sincerain water can be collected from the home. Thiswould reduce re-infection as well as accumulatedworm load. Further, some worms may have died inthe infected individuals and because there wouldbe a reduction in rate of contact with thetransmission site, re-infection would not occur.Thus Blum et al (1987) in the study of the effectsof distance and season on the use of boreholes innortheastern Imo State, Nigeria reported that inwet season when the availability of water sourceswas much greater, rain water was the mainsources of 64% of households since it wascollected directly at home. In contrast however,McCullough and Bradley (1973) showed that eggoutput was stable in individuals for long period oftime. But then, their study was conducted inTanzania during the dry season months of 3different years. The egg out put in their studypopulation could have dropped during wet seasonand risen again during the dry season as a result