APTI ijopp - Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Indian J. Pharm. Pract. 1(2), Jan-Mar, 2009PharmD follows a multi-disciplinary curriculum that pharmacist profession in Portugal called, "Pharmacistscan produce pharmacists with sufficient mental acuity to Order" or in Portuguese "Ordem dos Farmacêuticos". Itdifferentiate their position from that of the traditional and is equivalent to the residency of Indian programs. Afterorthodox role of dispensers of medicines.the enrollment the title of Doctor of Pharmacy is issued.Increasing emphasis on improving quality of medication Afterwards, Pharmacists can pursue their career in ause and enhancing medication safety have dramatically limitless number of professional areas that range fromincreased the demand for clinical pharmacy and the community pharmacies, drug development, healthPharmD program in the US. This is the reason why they research, biotechnology to areas such as forensichad initiated a well planned project in the early 1980s sciences, food analysis and toxicology. The student canitself for introducing PharmD as the basic qualification also choose to become a specialist in activities likestfor practice by the beginnig of the 21 century. They had Pharmaceutical Industry, Pharmaceutical Regulation,given sufficient opportunities and facilities, like Hospital Pharmacy, and Clinical Analysis. Each one ofintroduction of non-traditional PharmD programs, for them require an additional 5 year professional studyall the existing pharmacists to get themselves converted program guided by a tutor in the respective area ofas doctors of pharmacy. The Universities framed their knowledge. This specialization is composed of regularown modules with practical approach for part-time and e- evaluations performed by the professional order, whichlearning process of PharmD for existing licensed at the end of the 5 years performs an exam. After thepharmacists. Many colleges througout USA offered post- success at the exam, the Pharmacist then becomes abaccalaureate PharmD as an additional degree that specialist, respectively, an Industrial Pharmacist,offered clinical course work and practical training in Regulations Pharmacist, Hospital Pharmacist, andclinics and hospitals.Clinical Analyst.PharmD in other countriesIn the Czech Republic, the title is known as PharmDr.The first Canadian PharmD was initiated at the(Pharmaciae doctor). The Pharm Dr is in fact a diplomaUniversity of British Columbia (U.B.C.) in 1991. Thewhich is different form the Indiana diplomas. The PhD isCanadian PharmD program is a post-baccalaureatealso a diploma in Czech. The PharmDr. can be obtainedprogram of two years ( academic period of 20 months)by pharmacists who had graduated in pharmacyduration. The PharmD programs in Canada are to be(Magister, Mgr.) and students have to study for aaccredited by the Canadian Council for the Accreditationminimum period of 5 years. Applicants must defend aof Pharmacy Programs (CCAPP). Students enrolled inresearch or experimental thesis, and pass a rigorousthe program are required to have graduated from aexamination. The PharmDr. title is predominantly aCanadian Council for Accreditation of Pharmacyprestigious thing.Programs (CCAPP) or an American Council of In France students are admitted to pharmacy educationPharmaceutical Education (ACPE) School with an programs (like medicine) through a competitiveaccredited teaching program. Those who have passed examination held at the end of the first year. The durationthe Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada (PEBC) of pharmacy education extends from a minimum ofEvaluating and Qualifying examinations can also join for 6 years to 9 years depending upon the options taken. Thethe Canadian PharmD. In Canada interestingly the maximum period of education is for students choosingPharmD program is offered in both English and French. hospital pharmacy or clinical pharmacy. Students mustPharm D is today very much popular in Europe. In specialize when entering the 5th year, and choosePortugal, Pharmacy studies can be chosen after between dispensing pharmacy, pharmaceutical industrycompleting 4 years of basic school, 5 years of preparatory or hospital internship. State diploma for the Doctorate ofschool, and three years of high school education. The Pharmacy, PharmD., is granted to pharmacists after theyprocess of admission is the same for all degrees from have completed a short thesis (experimental ormedicine to engineering. The student takes the Master's bibliographic). It is also possible to defend a "real"degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences which is equivalent research thesis for preparing à Ph.D.to the PharmD program in one of the many Pharmacy In Italy, the course of study leading to the Doctor offaculties. The masters program comprises a six year Pharmacy ( Dottore in farmacia) is of 5 year durationrigorous study. After completing the degree program and includes a guided professional apprenticeship in athe students enroll in the regulatory institution for the pharmacy.10
Indian J. Pharm. Pract. 1(2), Jan-Mar, 2009The education of pharmacists in the Netherlands requires duration of the program as seven years.a minimum of six years of university study. The Dutch In the Philippines, Pharm D was first started in 2005 atconsider the educational level of their current (M.Sc.) the Centro Escolar University (CEU) as a two year postDegree in Pharmacy to be comparable to the PharmD title baccalaureate program open to licensed pharmacists.in use in the United States. To become a hospital The CEU had started the College of Pharmacy in 1921.pharmacist,a 4-year residency program has to completed. Thailand is one among the few countries that had takenIn the United Kingdom, the PharmD is a relatively new early steps to make their national pharmacy educationpostgraduate program. It is considered as a doctorate program ready to adopt the American PharmD program.degree open to qualified pharmacists. It is offered by the Thailand signed an MOU with 9 American UniversitiesUniversity of Bradford, taking place over 3 years of paying a sum of 15 million US $ in 1984-85 to trainclinical practice followed by 2 years of research. It is also their teachers in pharmacy schools in USA. They hadoffered by the University of Portsmouth and the sent their pharmacy teachers to the AmericanUniversity of Derby.Universities for getting on the site exposure andIran Universities like the Tehran University, changed the experience in running PharmD program including itsPharmacy degree from Masters to doctorate (Pharm.D) various components. The first PharmD in Thailand wasand the duration of the study was increased to 5 years. initiated at Naresuan University in 1992.Graduates need to present and defend their theses in In Pakistan, traditionally the bachelor's degree indifferent fields of pharmacy and this adds another year to pharmacy was the first-professional degree for pharmacytheir studies and generally after 6 years students can practice. In 2003, the Pakistan Pharmacy Councilgraduate as Doctor in Pharmacy.mandated that a doctorate in pharmacy (Pharm D) wouldIn Lebanon, the first Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm D) be the new first-professional degree. PharmD degree isdegree was awarded by the Lebanese University Faculty a professional degree that prepares the graduate forof Pharmacy (upon a decree by the Lebanese pharmacy practice with a duration of 5 years. Mostgovernment) to its graduating class of 19 students in universities in Pakistan are offering the PharmD program1992. The program was first established by Dr. Anwar such as Karachi University, Dow College of Pharmacy,Bikhazi, a Pharmacy graduate of the American Hamdard University, Baqai University, Federal UrduUniversity of Beirut with a PhD from the prestigious University, the University of Punjab, the University ofUniversity of Michigan. The 6-year entry level PharmD Lahore, Gomal University, the Islamia University ofprogram at the Lebanese University adopted the US Bhawalpur, etc. The qualified institutes are recognizedPharmD curriculum and training. Enrollment into the by the Pakistan Pharmacy Council. Provincial Pharmacyprogram is highly competitive with an average admission councils of Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Balochistan issuerate of 20% of applicants. This was the leading PharmD Pharmacist Licenses (RPh). In all the countries whereprogram in the Middle East, which was followed by other PharmD is in existence, the PharmD curriculum ismirror copies of similar programs in Lebanon and similar but not identical. However, it is true that certainneighboring countries, such as the ones provided by the institutions/ universities give more emphasis to certainUniversity of Saint-Joseph (USJ) in Beirut and the subjects, and place less emphasis on others.Lebanese American University.Curriculum contents and goals- global scenario.Saudi Arabia started first Pharm D in 2001 at King The PharmD program has three main components.Abdualziz University (KAU) and later other institutions Didactic curriculum, laboratory works based on theand Universities like Ibn-Sina University, KFU, theory papers and the clinical rotations including clinicalQassim University, KSU College of Pharmacy at Riyadh, clerkship and residency. The didactic curriculumCollege of Pharmacy at Kharj, and Taif University also ensures a strong educational base for the clinicalstarted PharmD. Pharm D in Saudi is of six years component of the program. Unlike the other pharmacyduration including one year clinical rotations. According education programs, the didactic component of PharmDto the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties gives emphasis on pharmacotherapeutics,(SCFHS), if a student has taken PharmD within a pharmacokinetics and pathophysiology. The laboratoryminimum six years period, the graduate has a chance to works of the PharmD is very much similar to thefurther develop himself by taking Accredited Residency traditional B.Pharm program in the case of the generalTraining Program for one year duration, making the total and common subjects.11
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APTI ijopp - Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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