Chapter 2 - Kerala Govt Logo

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Chapter 2Policy, Legislation and Regulationmay be guaranteed by the Central Government for assisting public health programmes, publichealth services would actually need to be delivered by the State administration, NGOs andother institutions of civil society.With regard to role of LSGIs in Health Sector, thepolicy points out that some States have adopted apolicy of devolving programmes and funds in thehealth sector through different levels of thePanchayati Raj Institutions. Generally, the experiencehas been an encouraging one. The adoption of such anorganizational structure has enabled need-basedallocation of resources and closer supervision throughthe elected representatives. NHP-2002 lays greatKerala’s achievements in Pubic healthsector have been remarkable, anddecentralization and involvement ofLocal Self governments in publichealth sector interventions have sofar been largely positive. Thenational policy, as a whole brings inconvergence with the localgovernance and hence influences theESMF.emphasis upon the implementation of public health programmes through local self-governmentinstitutions. The structure of the national disease control programmes will have specificcomponents for implementation through such entities. The Policy urges all State Governmentsto consider decentralizing the implementation of the programmes to such Institutions by 2005.In order to achieve this, financial incentives, over and above the resources normativelyallocated for disease control programmes, will be provided by the Central Government.2.2.1.4. National Agricultural Policy 2003The National Policy on Agriculture seeks to actualize the vast untapped growth potential ofIndian agriculture, strengthen rural infrastructure to support faster agricultural development,promote value addition, accelerate the growth of agro business, create employment in ruralareas, secure a fair standard of living for the farmers and agricultural workers and theirfamilies, discourage migration to urban areas and face the challenges arising out of economicliberalization and globalization. Over the next two decades, it aims to attain:A growth rate in excess of 4 per cent per annum in the agriculture sectorGrowth that is based on efficient use of resources and conserves our soil, water and biodiversity;Growth with equity, i.e., growth which is widespread across regions and farmers;Growth that is demand driven and caters to domestic markets and maximizes benefits fromexports of agricultural products in the face of the challenges arising from economicliberalization and globalization;Growth that is sustainable technologically, environmentally and economically.To attain these, the policy outlines the following focus areas.Sustainable agriculture: The policy aims to promote technically sound, economically viable,environmentally non–degrading and socially acceptable use of country‟s natural resources –land, water and genetic endowments.Food and nutrition security: Special efforts will be made to raise the productivity andproduction of crops to meet the increasing demand for food generated by unabateddemographic pressures and raw materials for expanding agro-based industries. A majorthrust will be given to development of rain-fed and irrigated horticulture, floriculture,
Environmental Assessment ReportKerala Local Government Strengthening Projectroots and tubers, plantation crops, aromatic and medicinal plants, bee-keeping andsericulture, for augmenting food supply, exports and generating employment in the ruralareas. Development of animal husbandry, poultry, dairying and aqua-culture will receive ahigh priority in the efforts for diversifying agriculture, increasing animal protein availabilityin the food basket and for generating exportable surpluses. An integrated approach tomarine and inland fisheries, designed to promote sustainable aquaculture practices, will beadopted.Generation and transfer of technology: NAP calls for according very high priority toevolving location specific and economically viable improved varieties of agricultural andhorticultural crops, livestock species and aquaculture. There is added emphasis onregionalization of agricultural research based on identified agro climatic zones.Inputs management: Adequate and timely supply of quality inputs such as seeds, fertilizers,plant protection chemicals, bio-pesticides, agricultural machinery and credit at reasonablerates to farmers will be the endeavour of the Government.Incentive for agriculture: Agricultural policy repeats the policy concerns echoed in thebeginning of green revolution to provide favourable economic environment for promotingfarm investments through (1) removal of distortions in the incentives (2) improvement interms of trade with manufacturing (3) external and domestic market reforms.Investment in agriculture: Public investment for narrowing regional imbalances,accelerating development of supportive infrastructure for agriculture and ruraldevelopment particularly rural connectivity will be stepped up.Institutional structure: NAP advocates land reforms by focusing on consolidation ofholdings, redistribution of surplus/waste land among landless, tenancy reforms,development of lease market and recognition of women‟s rights in land. Other areas listedfor policy attention are private sector participation through contract farming, assuredmarkets for crops especially for oilseeds, cotton and horticultural crops, increased flow ofinstitutional credit, strengthening and revamping of cooperative credit system. The policystates that the rural poor will be increasingly involved in the implementation of landreforms with the help of Panchayati Raj Institutions, Voluntary Groups, Social Activists andCommunity Leaders.Risk management: Price fluctuation and naturalcalamities are recognized as main factor forimparting instability to condition of farmers. NAPsuggests Agriculture Insurance Scheme covering allfarmers and all crops throughout the country withbuilt in provision for insulating farmers fromfinancial distress. Other measures suggested underthis are (1) enhancing flood proofing and droughtThe policy provides an overallframework for planning food securityactivities. However, the platform ofactions envisaged in the policy is verybroad. As such it is not veryresponsive to local environmentalscenario and hence may not influencethe ESMF.proofing through (2) ensuring remunerative prices through announcement of MSP and (3)future trading in agriculture products.Management reforms: Effective implementation of policy initiatives will call forcomprehensive reforms in the management of agriculture by the Central and the StateGovernments. The Central Government will supplement/complement the StateGovernments' efforts through regionally differentiated Work Plans, comprising26
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