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<strong>Chapter</strong> 2Policy, Legislation and Regulationdistrict with adequate experience and expertise in the implementation of watershed projectsor related area development works as the PIA after thoroughly examining their credentials.The PIA facilitates the Gram Panchayat for preparation of watershed development plansthrough Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), undertake community organisation and training forthe village communities, supervise watershed development activities, inspect and authenticateproject accounts.2.2.3.4. Joint Forest Management ProgrammeAfter the National JFM guidelines were issued in 1990, 22 States are now implementing theprogramme. The JFM programme has evolved to different levels across these States. WhileWest Bengal, Haryana and Orissa have completed two decades of JFM initiation, others likeAssam, Sikkim and Mizoram have issued enabling orders in 1998 and accordingly the issues forwhich they are seeking solutions are different. The 1990 guidelines have paved the way forJFM across the country and 22 states have issued enabling orders till date. The majorprovisions of the National Resolution are:Providing an enabling mechanism for participation of local communities and a platform forNGO participation,Facilitating institution building and allowed flexibility in their formation,Eliminating the involvement of commercial interests and the middlemen in the benefitsharing mechanism,Providing forest usufruct benefits to participating communities,Providing for wage employment to local communities for some forest related work,Allowing for plantation of indigenous, multi-purpose species of trees and even grasses,shrubs and medicinal herbs,Ensuring that the FD only harvests in accordance with a working scheme prepared inconsultation with local communities.2.2.3.5. Poverty Alleviation ProgrammesSwarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)The SGSY is a self-employment programme launched in 1999 with emphasis on the following:Focused approach to poverty alleviation.Capitalizing advantages of group lending. Overcoming the problems associated with multiplicity of programmes.It is conceived as a holistic programme of micro enterprises covering all aspects of selfemployment viz. organization of the rural poor into self help groups (SHGs) and their capacitybuilding, planning of activity clusters, infrastructure build up, technology, credit andmarketing. The programme envisages to take the existing poor families above the poverty line.The programme involves assistance to the BPL households, identified through BPL census, dulyapproved by the Gram Sabha. The beneficiaries could be individuals or groups. While theidentification of individual beneficiaries is made through a participatory approach, theprogramme lays emphasis on organization of poor into SHGs and their capacity building. TheSHG may consist of 10 to 20 persons. In case of minor irrigation, and in case of the disabled,the minimum is 5 persons. Under the scheme, progressively, majority of the funding would be
Environmental Assessment Report<strong>Kerala</strong> Local Government Strengthening Projectfor SHGs. Group activities stand a better chance of success because it is easier to provideback-up support and marketing linkages for group activities. Involvement of women membersin each SHG is encouraged and at the block level it is stipulated that, at least half of thegroups will be exclusively women‟s groups. For providing a revolving fund to the SHGs, theDRDAs could use 10 per cent of the allocation under SGSY.The SGSY is a credit-cum-subsidy programme, with credit as the critical component andsubsidy as a minor and enabling element. Accordingly, the SGSY envisages greater involvementof banks and promotion of multiple credit rather than a one-time credit injection. Theemphasis of SGSY is to identify four to five key activities are to be identified in each blockbased on the resource endowments, occupational skills of the people and availability ofmarkets and these activities may be implemented preferably in clusters so that backward andforward linkages can be effectively established. The key activities are to be selected with theapproval of the Panchayat Samiti at the block level and DRDAs/Zila Parishad at the districtlevel. SGSY adopts a project approach with project reports being prepared for each keyactivity in association with banks and financial institutions. It is envisaged that a major shareof SGSY assistance would be in activity clusters.Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana (SJSRY)The Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana (SJSRY) is a unified Centrally Sponsored Schemelaunched afresh in lieu of the erstwhile Urban Poverty Alleviation Programmes viz., NehruRojgar Yojana (NRY), Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme(PMIUPEP) and Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP). The objectives of the programmeinclude:Gainful Employment to Urban Poor, Unemployed and Underemployed.Setting up self Employment ventures and provision of wage-employment.Community Empowerment through creation of suitable community structures on UBSPpattern.Capability Building, Women's Group for small enterprises, Women's Thrift-cum-CreditSocieties.The pattern of Centre and State in 75:25 basis. The Scheme envisages in two key components:1. The Urban Self Employment Programme (USEP)Assistance to individual urban poor beneficiaries for setting up gainful self employmentventures.Assistance to groups of urban poor women for setting up gainful self employment ventures.This sub-scheme is called "The Scheme for Development of Women and Children in theUrban Areas (DWCUA)". Training of beneficiaries, potential beneficiaries and other persons associated with theurban employment programme for up gradation and acquisition of vocational andentrepreneurial skills.2. The Urban Wage Employment Programme (UWEP)The basic objective of the scheme is to provide wage employment to those people belowpoverty line who are in need of such income, particularly during the lean season. While52
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