report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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will also be improved by <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> an active H-maser working at <strong>the</strong> AstronomicalObservatory <strong>of</strong> Toruń University.473. Future developments in Poland include <strong>the</strong> following:• Ano<strong>the</strong>r active H-maser will be added by <strong>the</strong> GUM in 2004;• TA (PL) will be computed every week;• A number <strong>of</strong> local fibre-optics links will be installed between clocks in Warsaw;• The GUM, <strong>the</strong> pivot laboratory <strong>of</strong> TA (PL), will be linked to TAI using <strong>the</strong> Two-WaySatellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) method; and• From January 2003, <strong>the</strong> Coordinated Universal Time (UTC/PL) will take place based onTA (PL) and a phase micro-stepper.474. In Portugal, <strong>the</strong> normal curricula for <strong>the</strong> B.Sc. degree in surveying engineering inuniversities include various subjects related to <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> GNSS in <strong>the</strong> field. The curriculum at <strong>the</strong>Faculty <strong>of</strong> Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Porto, for example, includes “Satellite Positioning andNavigation” (see web site, http://sa.fc.up.pt/pe/(ENGENHARIAGEOGRÁFICA) in <strong>the</strong> last year<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> degree course. Under this subject, students analyse GPS and GLONASS and <strong>the</strong> work toimplement GNSS, including <strong>the</strong> future GALILEO.475. The Portuguese Faculty <strong>of</strong> Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Porto, <strong>of</strong>fers a Master’s degree coursein satellite positioning and navigation. The course work consists <strong>of</strong> four semesters, with <strong>the</strong> firsttwo devoted to a specialised course leading to a diploma and <strong>the</strong> last two for writing a <strong>the</strong>sis. Thespecialised course includes such subjects as reference systems, space dynamics, mapping andGIS, satellite positioning and navigation, positioning and navigation systems, fieldwork insatellite positioning and satellite navigation.476. The Portuguese authorities have also approved <strong>the</strong> project entitled “The SpaceTechnology and <strong>the</strong> Automatic Computing in <strong>the</strong> Teaching/Learning Process”, which aims todisseminate <strong>the</strong> practical use <strong>of</strong> GPS in various positioning and navigation applications to highschools. The project is underway with <strong>the</strong> participation <strong>of</strong> a large number <strong>of</strong> high school teachersand students.477. In <strong>the</strong> Republic <strong>of</strong> Korea, high-qualified researches and faculty have been working onteaching and researches on GNSS at more than 10 universities, as well as at several researchinstitutions.478. In <strong>the</strong> Russian Federation, <strong>the</strong> Moscow Aviation Institute (State Technical Universitystatus) has been historically dedicated to student education in <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> navigation. Currently,<strong>the</strong> special comprehensive course on GNSS is proposed and ranges from satellite design to GNSSapplications.479. The Moscow Institute <strong>of</strong> Geodesy and Mapping (State Technical University status) hasalso been traditionally proposing courses for students in <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> GNSS application.480. The special satellite navigation training program has been developed on <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Institute for Advanced Training <strong>of</strong> Rosaviakosmos (IPK “Mashpribor”). It has been initiated andsponsored by <strong>the</strong> Russian Aviation and Space Agency. The program includes <strong>the</strong> followingpriority directions:88
• Theory and practice <strong>of</strong> GNSS space vehicle control;• Principles <strong>of</strong> navigation measurements and data processing;• Differential navigation and GNSS augmentations;• GNSS applications; and• Practical training with GNSS instruments.481. The course is intended for specialists with high technical education who are willing togain more practical experiences and improve <strong>the</strong>ir pr<strong>of</strong>essional competencies.482. This training program has been developed and tested by a <strong>team</strong> <strong>of</strong> leading Russianscientists and experts in <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> satellite navigation who represent <strong>the</strong> Russian aerospaceindustry and research institutes such as: <strong>the</strong> Mission Control Center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Central ResearchInstitute for Machine Building (TsNIIMASH) <strong>of</strong> Rosaviakosmos, <strong>the</strong> Research Institute <strong>of</strong> SpaceSystems (NIIKS), a subsidiary <strong>of</strong> “Khrunichev” Research and Production Center, and <strong>the</strong> RussianInstitute <strong>of</strong> Space Device Engineering (RISDE).483. In South Africa, universities and technikons (tertiary technical training institutions)provide GPS and GNSS training as part <strong>of</strong> surveys and in various engineering courses. Inaddition, <strong>the</strong> personnel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se institutions are prepared to provide short courses, ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> apractical, hands-on or <strong>the</strong>oretical nature for appropriate fees. These can be and have been donebeyond South Africa's borders. The two major universities providing training in GPS and GNSSin <strong>the</strong>ir degree courses for surveying are <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Cape Town and <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong>Natal; however, most engineering faculties include such training. For instance, GPS and GNSStraining is an important factor for <strong>the</strong> training <strong>of</strong> mining engineers at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Witwatersrand.484. The University <strong>of</strong> Cape Town <strong>of</strong>fers approximately 40 lectures on GNSS (mainly GPS),with <strong>the</strong> emphasis on GPS applications in surveying and geodesy (carrier phase differential GPS).These lectures are taught as part <strong>of</strong> a four-year course in Geomatics and cannot be takenseparately. It also <strong>of</strong>fers a two-day short course on GPS, with <strong>the</strong> emphasis on GIS/surveyingapplications <strong>of</strong> GPS (aimed at scientists and engineers who need to use GPS for data collection).The University <strong>of</strong> Natal <strong>of</strong>fers similar courses.485. In <strong>the</strong> United Kingdom <strong>of</strong> Great Britain and Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ireland, through <strong>the</strong> Institute <strong>of</strong>Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy, <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Nottingham <strong>of</strong>fers a degree coursededicated to satellite positioning technology. Details can be found athttp://www.nottingham.ac.uk/iessg/MSc2.html.486. Through <strong>the</strong> EPSRC project <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Geomatic Engineering, <strong>the</strong> UniversityCollege London has <strong>of</strong>fered Ph.D. opportunities in satellite geodesy and astrodynamics. Detailscan be found at http://www.ps.ucl.ac.uk/people/vacancies/PhDOpportunity.html.487. The National Physical Laboratory has also organized a short-term course and workshopon next-generation global navigation satellite systems. Details can be found athttp://www.npl.co.uk/npl/training/courses/nggnss.html.488. In <strong>the</strong> United States <strong>of</strong> America, <strong>the</strong>re are numerous research and training institutions thatprovide training on GNSS. This is not an endorsement that <strong>the</strong>se are <strong>the</strong> best or only institutionsthat provide GNSS training, but are simply a sample.89
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
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This document has not been formally
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CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
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Product4. The product of</s
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II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
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virtually every facet of</s
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27. Time and frequency disseminatio
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Service Availability Standard39. Th
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Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
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50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
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Service Availability Standard62. Th
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71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
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the Board, mainly
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• Vertical :• Velocity:• User
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• The network of
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126. The EU and ESA have concluded
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• The Search and Rescue Service (
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invitation to tender to this effect
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2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
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183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88: Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90: include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91 and 92: VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Page 93: 465. Many other GN
Page 97 and 98: D. GNSS training opportunities <str
Page 99 and 100: VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102: Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
Page 103 and 104: appropriate national security reaso
Page 105 and 106: VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107 and 108: for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 109 and 110: • Develop the sk
Page 111 and 112: Recommendation 2. The development <
Page 113 and 114: 583. The need to develop th
Page 115 and 116: 589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
Page 117 and 118: Annex I: Indian universities, resea
Page 119 and 120: University/researchinstitute/compan
Page 121 and 122: Annex III: Italian universities and
Page 123 and 124: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 125 and 126: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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