report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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• Graduate and undergraduate courses.USP – Universidade de São Paulo – Campus Piracicaba.• Education and research on geoprocessing, agricultural and natural resources, andprecision farming.• Graduate and undergraduate courses.USP – Campus São Carlos.• Education on ground transportation• Undergraduate courses.460. In Canada, significant research and development in GNSS takes place at three Canadianuniversities known for GPS-related studies. The three Canadian Universities actively <strong>of</strong>feringGPS-related study programs are: University <strong>of</strong> Calgary (Geomatics Engineering)www.geomatics.ucalgary.ca, University <strong>of</strong> New Brunswick (Geodesy and GeomaticsEngineering) http://www.unbf.ca/eng/GGE/HomePage.html and Laval University (Department <strong>of</strong>Geomatics Sciences <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Faculty <strong>of</strong> Forestry and Geomatics) http://www.scg.ulaval.ca/461. The University <strong>of</strong> Calgary’s graduate program includes at any time some 40 M.Sc. andPh.D. graduate students involved in GNSS-related research. Two thirds are non-Canadian. Some<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> research is described on:www.geomatics.ucalgary.ca/research/GPSRes/GPSResIndex.html462. The GNSS R&D facilities include two tops <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> line GPS simulators, s<strong>of</strong>twaresimulators, dozens <strong>of</strong> GPS receivers, several inertial navigation platforms, an antenna range, anda 16-station DGPS RTK test network.463. The Department <strong>of</strong> Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> NewBrunswick (UNB) is one <strong>of</strong> Canada’s leading centres for research in positioning and precisionnavigation using GNSS. The Department has a long history <strong>of</strong> making important contributions insatellite-based positioning, stretching back to <strong>the</strong> early 1970s when it pioneered <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>United States Navy Navigation Satellite System in geodetic studies. By 1980 or so, interest turnedto <strong>the</strong> Global Positioning System, although only a few prototype satellites were in orbit at thattime. Working with government agencies and industry, <strong>the</strong> Department researchers tested some <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> first commercially available GPS receivers and developed s<strong>of</strong>tware for <strong>the</strong> planning,execution, and analysis <strong>of</strong> GPS surveys. GPS research activity grew in <strong>the</strong> 1990s and into <strong>the</strong> newmillennium with contributions in many application areas including hydrographic surveying,engineering and deformation surveys, geodetic positioning, aviation, machine control,augmentation systems such as WAAS and <strong>the</strong> Canada-wide Differential GPS Service,atmospheric science, and <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> GPS on Low-Earth-Orbiting spacecraft. Recently, <strong>the</strong>Department inaugurated work on aspects <strong>of</strong> Europe’s GALILEO system. UNB’s targeted GNSSresearch is helping to provide accurate, reliable, and cost-effective positioning and navigation forCanadians and o<strong>the</strong>rs around <strong>the</strong> world.464. The Department <strong>of</strong> Geomatics Sciences at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Laval started its GPS(GNSS) research activities in 1990. Approximately 25 M.Sc. and Ph.D. students have graduatedsince <strong>the</strong>n in this field. The research activities are described in <strong>the</strong> following bilingual web site:www.scg.ulaval.ca/gps-rs/. The <strong>team</strong> publications can also be obtained via this site. The GPSfacility includes about 35 GPS receivers (12 GPS-GIS receivers, 4 dual frequency geodeticreceivers and 6 GPS-RTK units, as well as 2 GPS-GLONASS and 12 handheld GPS receivers).86
465. Many o<strong>the</strong>r GNSS-related education and training opportunities exist in Canada and are<strong>of</strong>fered by o<strong>the</strong>r academic institutions and <strong>the</strong> GNSS-related industry in support to <strong>the</strong> manyapplications enabled through GNSS.466. In Chile, <strong>the</strong> Universidad de Concepción <strong>of</strong>fers a course on Geodesy and GNSS,Surveying and Applications. This course’s cost is just 20% with student’s assistance and 80% bydistance. The focus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> course is to increase knowledge on GNSS technologies for positioningand engineering applications, such as forestry, mining, car tracking and deformation structure.467. In Germany, <strong>the</strong> list <strong>of</strong> universities that <strong>of</strong>fer training in GNSS can be found in Annex IIat <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> this <strong>report</strong>.468. Indonesia <strong>of</strong>fers training opportunities in GNSS based at <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> GeodeticEngineering Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology. The courses <strong>of</strong>fered cover <strong>the</strong> following fields:• Positioning by GPS: Concepts and Theory;• GPS Survey: Planning, Execution and Data Processing;• The Use <strong>of</strong> GPS for Cadastral Surveys;• The Use <strong>of</strong> GPS for Forest Survey and Mapping; and• The Use <strong>of</strong> GPS Survey for Natural Hazard Mitigation.469. In Italy, <strong>the</strong>re are many universities skilled in satellite navigation that also performtraining activities. The Italian Space Agency (ASI) organises dissemination and traininginitiatives (see Annex III).470. In Malaysia, <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Technology, through <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> GeomaticEngineering, teaches subjects on satellite navigation and GNSS surveying for Bachelors degree ingeomatic engineering and postgraduate programmes (Master <strong>of</strong> Science and Ph.D.). Added to <strong>the</strong>programmes are also satellite navigation and GNSS surveying. This is done through researchwork and also several short courses on GNSS navigation, positioning and surveying for relatedgovernment agencies and o<strong>the</strong>r organizations The National Land and Survey Institute (INSTUN),under <strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong> Land and Cooperative Development, provides short trainings for GNSSapplications.471. Concerning activities in Poland, <strong>the</strong> paper entitled “Independent atomic time scale inPoland – Organization and results” (J. Azoubib, J. Nawrocki and W. Lewandowsk) elaborated on<strong>the</strong> Polish infrastructure in <strong>the</strong> related field. The Polish independent atomic time scale TA (PL)<strong>of</strong>ficially started on 4 July 2001. It is currently based on <strong>the</strong> indications <strong>of</strong> nine clocks fromseveral Polish laboratories and Lithuania. The clocks at <strong>the</strong> laboratories are compared using TTS-2 multi-channel GPS receivers developed in co-operation with <strong>the</strong> Bureau International des Poidset Mesures (BIPM). The participating institutions are linked to <strong>the</strong> Central Office <strong>of</strong> Measures(GUM) in Warsaw. TA (PL) is computed as a weighted average <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> participating clocks. Thepaper presented <strong>the</strong> clock ensemble, <strong>the</strong> data processing outline, and some experimental results.472. The paper concluded that <strong>the</strong> results obtained, especially <strong>the</strong> long-term stability <strong>of</strong> TA(PL), were quite satisfactory. The simplest way to improve stability was to add more clocks. Twonew clocks, one at <strong>the</strong> Tele-Radio Research Institute in Warsaw and <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r at <strong>the</strong> DevelopmentCenter <strong>of</strong> Polish Telecom were already working and being tested. Two more, from ano<strong>the</strong>rTelecom laboratory, were expected to be added before <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> 2003. The short-term stability87
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
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This document has not been formally
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CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
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Product4. The product of</s
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II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
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virtually every facet of</s
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27. Time and frequency disseminatio
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Service Availability Standard39. Th
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Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
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50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
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Service Availability Standard62. Th
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71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
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the Board, mainly
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• Vertical :• Velocity:• User
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• The network of
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126. The EU and ESA have concluded
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• The Search and Rescue Service (
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invitation to tender to this effect
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2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88: Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90: include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91: VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Page 95 and 96: • Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98: D. GNSS training opportunities <str
Page 99 and 100: VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102: Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
Page 103 and 104: appropriate national security reaso
Page 105 and 106: VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107 and 108: for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 109 and 110: • Develop the sk
Page 111 and 112: Recommendation 2. The development <
Page 113 and 114: 583. The need to develop th
Page 115 and 116: 589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
Page 117 and 118: Annex I: Indian universities, resea
Page 119 and 120: University/researchinstitute/compan
Page 121 and 122: Annex III: Italian universities and
Page 123 and 124: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 125 and 126: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIXList of we
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