report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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453. As study results mature <strong>the</strong>re may be a need to approach representatives <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r usercategories, possibly through <strong>the</strong> United Nations family, in order to have some support for <strong>the</strong>guidance on cost allocations that will be developed.454. Improvements are being made to CNS/ATM systems in <strong>the</strong> African and Indian Oceanregion through <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> such organizations such as ICAO, IATA and <strong>the</strong> regional workshopson <strong>the</strong> use and applications <strong>of</strong> GNSS. GNSS procedures are providing some airports withaccurate landing, approach and departure procedures, which result in enhanced safety andefficiency toge<strong>the</strong>r with reduced dependency on ground aids. However, little has been done so farto improve <strong>the</strong> standards <strong>of</strong> Air Traffic Management (ATM). ATM can be improved by <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong>proven satellite procedures. The difficulties are institutional, not technical, and should benefitfrom United Nations expertise in this respect.C. Telecommunications455. In Brazil, A group <strong>of</strong> researches in Brazil at Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA)and National Space and Research Institute (INPE) are involved with scintillation studies relatedto equatorial anomaly, which is important for satellite communication.456. Development <strong>of</strong> microstrip antennas for special applications has also taken place in <strong>the</strong>field <strong>of</strong> GNSS (at ITA). In addition, signal processing adaptive antennas investigation forinterference mitigation on GNSS applications have also been developed at Universidade deCampinas (UNICAMP) and Aeronautics Institute <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Aerospace Technical Center (CTA/IAE).D. Conclusion457. There is a need for developing countries to recognise <strong>the</strong> benefits <strong>of</strong> GNSS technologyand its applications in many areas <strong>of</strong> economic and infrastructure development. Prominent among<strong>the</strong> application areas are <strong>the</strong> modern CNS/ATM systems, safe land transportation system,surveying mapping and remote sensing applications, as well as telecommunication infrastructure.84
VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES IN GNSSA. GNSS training opportunities <strong>of</strong>fered by universities and research institutes458. In Argentina, <strong>the</strong> faculty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Astronomical and Geophysical Sciences <strong>of</strong> La PlataNational University (Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Ge<strong>of</strong>ísicas de la Universidad Nacionalde La Plata), <strong>the</strong> group GESA (Satellite referencing on <strong>the</strong> Earth), integrated by astronomers,geodesists and geophysicists graduated in <strong>the</strong> country develop scientific and practical activities onGNSS and organize educational and training activities at different levels that include pre- andpost-graduate courses for university students and courses for updating <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essionals in GNSSactivities (contact person: Dr. Claudio Brunini, cbrunini@fcaglp.fcaglp.unlp.edu.ar).459. In Brazil, <strong>the</strong> existing training opportunities are available at <strong>the</strong> following institutions:CRECTEALC: United Nations Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education forLatin America and <strong>the</strong> Caribbean.• Undergraduate courses.IME – Army Institute <strong>of</strong> Engineering.• Graduate and undergraduate course on cartography and geodesy.• INPE – National Space and Research Institute – São José dos Campos.Education and research on orbital dynamics and ionosphere modelling.ITA – Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica.• Education and research on aeronautics applications <strong>of</strong> GNSS: ionosphere modelling andscintillation, GPS s<strong>of</strong>tware receivers, multipath mitigation, microstrip antennas forGNSS, and related subject.• Graduate courses.UFPE – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.• Education and research on cartography, geodesy and photogrammetry.UFPR – Universidade Federal do Paraná – Curitiba.• Education and research on cartography, geodesy and photogrammetry.• Graduate and undergraduate courses.UFRGS - Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul.• Undergraduate course on cartography, geodesy, photogrammetry and GIS.UFV – Universidade Federal de Viçosa – Vinosa.• Undergraduate course on geodetic surveying.UNICAMP – Universidade de Campinas – Campinas.• Education and research on signal processing.• Undergraduate courses.UNESP – Universidade do Estado de São Paulo – Campus Presidente Prudente.• Education on cartography, atmosphere modelling, high precision GNSS.85
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
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This document has not been formally
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CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
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Product4. The product of</s
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II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
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virtually every facet of</s
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27. Time and frequency disseminatio
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Service Availability Standard39. Th
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Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
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50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
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Service Availability Standard62. Th
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71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
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the Board, mainly
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• Vertical :• Velocity:• User
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• The network of
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126. The EU and ESA have concluded
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• The Search and Rescue Service (
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invitation to tender to this effect
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88: Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89: include Special Implementation Proj
Page 93 and 94: 465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96: • Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98: D. GNSS training opportunities <str
Page 99 and 100: VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102: Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
Page 103 and 104: appropriate national security reaso
Page 105 and 106: VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107 and 108: for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 109 and 110: • Develop the sk
Page 111 and 112: Recommendation 2. The development <
Page 113 and 114: 583. The need to develop th
Page 115 and 116: 589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
Page 117 and 118: Annex I: Indian universities, resea
Page 119 and 120: University/researchinstitute/compan
Page 121 and 122: Annex III: Italian universities and
Page 123 and 124: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 125 and 126: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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