report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

453. As study results mature <strong>the</strong>re may be a need to approach representatives <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r usercategories, possibly through <strong>the</strong> United Nations family, in order to have some support for <strong>the</strong>guidance on cost allocations that will be developed.454. Improvements are being made to CNS/ATM systems in <strong>the</strong> African and Indian Oceanregion through <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> such organizations such as ICAO, IATA and <strong>the</strong> regional workshopson <strong>the</strong> use and applications <strong>of</strong> GNSS. GNSS procedures are providing some airports withaccurate landing, approach and departure procedures, which result in enhanced safety andefficiency toge<strong>the</strong>r with reduced dependency on ground aids. However, little has been done so farto improve <strong>the</strong> standards <strong>of</strong> Air Traffic Management (ATM). ATM can be improved by <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong>proven satellite procedures. The difficulties are institutional, not technical, and should benefitfrom United Nations expertise in this respect.C. Telecommunications455. In Brazil, A group <strong>of</strong> researches in Brazil at Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA)and National Space and Research Institute (INPE) are involved with scintillation studies relatedto equatorial anomaly, which is important for satellite communication.456. Development <strong>of</strong> microstrip antennas for special applications has also taken place in <strong>the</strong>field <strong>of</strong> GNSS (at ITA). In addition, signal processing adaptive antennas investigation forinterference mitigation on GNSS applications have also been developed at Universidade deCampinas (UNICAMP) and Aeronautics Institute <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Aerospace Technical Center (CTA/IAE).D. Conclusion457. There is a need for developing countries to recognise <strong>the</strong> benefits <strong>of</strong> GNSS technologyand its applications in many areas <strong>of</strong> economic and infrastructure development. Prominent among<strong>the</strong> application areas are <strong>the</strong> modern CNS/ATM systems, safe land transportation system,surveying mapping and remote sensing applications, as well as telecommunication infrastructure.84