report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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• Continuation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Nations workshops should be encouraged and <strong>the</strong> resultingrecommendations should be implemented. These are seen as very valuable in buildingcapacity and enhancing understanding, as well as providing a network <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essionals,educators and students.b) Technical Needs• Ionospheric effect, integrity, continuity, availability accuracy. Understanding ionosphericeffects on GNSS applications especially at equatorial areas.• Future developments <strong>of</strong> GPS/GALILEO and various augmentations – how developingcountries should approach <strong>the</strong> issue. Difficulties to follow and understand plans andtechnical impact. Clear and regular communication with developing countries so that <strong>the</strong>yhave an opportunity to assess <strong>the</strong> likely impact <strong>of</strong> future developments <strong>of</strong> GPS/GALILEOand various augmentations.• Need to provide technical support from infrastructure and services related to navigation.c) Resources and Financial Needs• The required instrumentation, ancillary equipment, computer and s<strong>of</strong>tware are still costlyfor developing countries given <strong>the</strong>ir economic levels, in spite <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> decline in costs ingeneral. It is difficult to obtain resources to cover maintenance and recurrent costs.• The international committee on GNSS should lead <strong>the</strong> sourcing <strong>of</strong> fund to help reducecost <strong>of</strong> implementing GNSS-related projects.d) Training and Education Needs• Development <strong>of</strong> advanced training programs by <strong>the</strong> United Nations to cover variousapplications, such as civil aviation, precision measurements and remote sensing, and tocover all aspects, including observations, analysis and implementation.• Education, training, and access to qualified people and information. Scarce availability <strong>of</strong>experts, new students, university or o<strong>the</strong>r training programs. Lack <strong>of</strong> experts in <strong>the</strong>various areas noted above. Networking with GNSS experts in o<strong>the</strong>r fields is also difficult.Language books (GNSS in Spanish, etc.).e) Priorities in ApplicationRegional Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), NationalSDI• The use <strong>of</strong> GNSS positional information was stressed in each region as <strong>the</strong> method forreferencing SDI and GIS, which are critical elements <strong>of</strong> any national cartographicinfrastructure.80
Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Precise reference frame (global, international, continental and national), e.g., AFREFproject. Updating <strong>of</strong> maps, initial mapping <strong>of</strong> land use, land use planning and evaluation,urban planning. Cadastral mapping, land ownership and boundary control. Environmentalprotection. Topographic and <strong>the</strong>matic mapping. Geological surveys.Asset Tracking, Automated Vehicle Tracking• Use <strong>of</strong> GNSS in real time for charting moving platforms, cars, buses, supply trucks,safety device for auto anti-<strong>the</strong>ft.Precision Agriculture• Need to co-ordinate <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> GNSS in crop, soil and various agriculture mappingstoge<strong>the</strong>r with monitoring and subsequent analysis <strong>of</strong> data for optimum field application <strong>of</strong>chemical and fertilizer, where real time GNSS-based navigation is important.Natural Hazards and Disaster Mitigation, Disease Vector Mapping• Location <strong>of</strong> information on disasters, positional information for emergency and reliefvehicles.B. Civil aviation436. Latin America and <strong>the</strong> Caribbean region, as well as o<strong>the</strong>r regions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world, have beenparticipating actively in research, development, analysis and study tasks aimed at <strong>the</strong>implementation and use <strong>of</strong> GNSS systems in airspaces.437. Latin American and Caribbean States and <strong>the</strong>ir aeronautical entities, in <strong>the</strong>ir transition toGNSS, should consider that, unlike conventional navigation systems, improvements anddevelopments introduced in satellite navigation will benefit all economic sectors <strong>of</strong> a State.Therefore, <strong>the</strong> involvement <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r development sectors <strong>of</strong> a State should be considered <strong>of</strong> greatimportance for obtaining greater institutional, financial, economic and technical support forupgrading, developing and implementing GNSS. Transportation and communication authorities,mapping institutes and o<strong>the</strong>r national agencies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> State should make maximum efforts to beengaged in this process. A note should be taken that <strong>the</strong> promotion <strong>of</strong> national and internationalGNSS management bodies and associations would permit a more significant development andgreater support for investments and for <strong>the</strong> transition to <strong>the</strong> GNSS.438. The availability <strong>of</strong> geostationary satellites to correct <strong>the</strong> signals from <strong>the</strong> satelliteconstellation in <strong>the</strong> Latin American and <strong>the</strong> Caribbean regions is a latent need, since <strong>the</strong> existinggeostationary satellites that cover <strong>the</strong>se regions would not be sufficient to transmit <strong>the</strong> correctionsignals over such a broad area as <strong>the</strong> Caribbean and South America, in addition to <strong>the</strong> initialtarget areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> systems currently providing coverage, i.e., WAAS and EGNOS.439. Manpower deficiencies regarding personnel duly trained in <strong>the</strong> verification <strong>of</strong> signals in<strong>the</strong> GNSS SIS space, in correspondence to ICAO SARPs, and on air safety considerations, is afactor that should be taken into account in order to properly conduct GNSS performance analysisand research.81
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
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This document has not been formally
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CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
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Product4. The product of</s
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II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
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virtually every facet of</s
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27. Time and frequency disseminatio
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Service Availability Standard39. Th
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Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
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50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
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Service Availability Standard62. Th
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71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
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the Board, mainly
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• Vertical :• Velocity:• User
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• The network of
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126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 35 and 36: • The Search and Rescue Service (
Page 37 and 38: invitation to tender to this effect
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 89 and 90: include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91 and 92: VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Page 93 and 94: 465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96: • Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98: D. GNSS training opportunities <str
Page 99 and 100: VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102: Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
Page 103 and 104: appropriate national security reaso
Page 105 and 106: VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107 and 108: for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 109 and 110: • Develop the sk
Page 111 and 112: Recommendation 2. The development <
Page 113 and 114: 583. The need to develop th
Page 115 and 116: 589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
Page 117 and 118: Annex I: Indian universities, resea
Page 119 and 120: University/researchinstitute/compan
Page 121 and 122: Annex III: Italian universities and
Page 123 and 124: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 125 and 126: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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