report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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point. These calculated errors are processed as Differential Data and <strong>the</strong>n sent through <strong>the</strong> MFradio beacon station. The DGPS receiver corrects <strong>the</strong> position by using <strong>the</strong>se Differential Data.412. An additional important function <strong>of</strong> DGPS is Integrity Monitoring. Once troubled withGPS satellites or DGPS data, <strong>the</strong>re could be a remarkable decrease in <strong>the</strong> positioning accuracy,putting users <strong>of</strong> this system in serious danger without warning. However, <strong>the</strong> DGPS centre has<strong>the</strong> function to monitor <strong>the</strong> whole GPS system and DGPS itself in 24 hours operation. So, if aninappropriate correction is detected, <strong>the</strong> DGPS centre provides warning message to users through<strong>the</strong> related DGPS site.413. The user is requested to install both DGPS-ready GPS receiver and DGPS beaconreceiver to determine <strong>the</strong> position (<strong>the</strong>se combined receivers are prepared by manufacturers). Formore detail information on receivers, it is recommended to contact dealers to check whe<strong>the</strong>r aGPS receiver may be available for DGPS.414. Japan Coast Guard (JCG) provides maritime DGPS service for all coastal water aroundJapan except for some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isolated islands (for example, Ogasawara Islands).GEONET415. Since 1987 <strong>the</strong> agency <strong>of</strong> Geographical Survey Institute (GSI) has employed many GPSbasedprecision-surveying systems. As a result, Japan has achieved <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>continuous GPS-fixed reference station network throughout <strong>the</strong> country, named GPS EarthObservation Network (GEONET).416. The main purpose <strong>of</strong> GEONET is to monitor crustal deformations helpful to research onearthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Data obtained by GEONET are also available for surveyingand o<strong>the</strong>r applications.417. The crust <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Earth can be deformed by various reasons. Tectonic events such as alarge earthquakes or seismic swarms cause sudden and large deformation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> crust, whereasplate motions or magma movements deform <strong>the</strong> crust slowly and gradually. For <strong>the</strong> prediction <strong>of</strong>earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, <strong>the</strong> accurate detection <strong>of</strong> such deformation is essential.418. Because <strong>of</strong> its around-<strong>the</strong>-clock operation and highly accurate positioning capability,GEONET is an ideal tool for detecting crustal deformations. The observation data collected atGPS-based Control Stations are expected to play a key role in <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> earthquake prediction.419. The data and information about crustal deformation detected by GEONET are providedto <strong>the</strong> public on <strong>the</strong> GSI web page (http://www.gsi.go.jp).420. In <strong>the</strong> Republic <strong>of</strong> Korea, nationwide GNSS activities have widely and rapidly spread outin a variety <strong>of</strong> application fields: aviation, maritime navigation, car navigation, fleet managementsystem, time and frequency dissemination, survey, geodesy and GIS, etc. According to <strong>the</strong> marketforecasting by <strong>the</strong> Korean Ministry <strong>of</strong> Industry and Energy, <strong>the</strong> Korea GPS market is expected togrow up to more than 900 million US Dollars as <strong>of</strong> 2005.421. The Korean national time and frequency services have been conducted by <strong>the</strong> KoreaResearch Institute <strong>of</strong> Standards and Science (KRISS); whereas research and implementationactivities in survey, geodesy and GIS fields have been conducted with focus on crustal movement72
monitoring, national reference <strong>of</strong> geodesic co-ordination management, cadastral mapping,maritime mapping and earthquake monitoring by many governmental ministries and researchinstitutions.422. While R&D activities on land navigation are mainly dominated by industries; air andmaritime navigation activities are mainly conducted by governmental ministries. Manyimplementations, feasibility studies, and research activities on CNS/ATM are underway led by<strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong> Construction and Transportation (MCT) in conjunction with <strong>the</strong> Korea AirportCorporation and Korea Aerospace Research Institute. The Korea Aerospace Research Institutehas developed a testbed for LAAS for increasing air navigation performances and aviation safetyand has also finished flight evaluation tests. It has also developed a DGPS receiver prototype usedfor maritime DGPS network. Recently, <strong>the</strong> MCT has performed a feasibility study on <strong>the</strong> strategy<strong>of</strong> a nationwide WAAS establishment. Final outcome <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> study will be an initiative for <strong>the</strong>Government to finalize its decision-making process on <strong>the</strong> WAAS strategy.423. Since <strong>the</strong> directives <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Prime Minister on GPS use was announced in 2000, <strong>the</strong>establishment <strong>of</strong> NDGPS networks have been underway by combining <strong>the</strong> new and existinginfrastructure, including nationwide reference stations and integrity monitoring stations led by <strong>the</strong>Ministry <strong>of</strong> Marine and Fishery (MOMAF).424. Recently, a new project named “National Transportation Core Technology Development”was launched in 2003 by <strong>the</strong> initiative <strong>of</strong> a consortium <strong>of</strong> government ministries. About 3 billionUS Dollars will be invested through 2007 to upgrade <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> air, maritime, land navigation inorder to upgrade current transportation systems to <strong>the</strong> next generation level and promotenavigation safety.4. AfricaTraining opportunities425. There are different opportunities for training <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essionals from tropical countries onGNSS and <strong>the</strong>ir applications at Portuguese Universities and Research Institutes, mainly residentsfrom African countries with which Portugal had cultural ties. African students have been able t<strong>of</strong>ollow <strong>the</strong>ir studies in Portugal for <strong>the</strong> degrees mentioned in <strong>the</strong> section on “TrainingOpportunities in GNSS”.426. Since a large amount <strong>of</strong> work was done in <strong>the</strong> past in <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> surveying and mappingand taking into account that GNSS is now <strong>of</strong> primary importance for <strong>the</strong> continuation <strong>of</strong> relatedactivities, <strong>the</strong>re are special opportunities for training <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essionals from tropical countries at<strong>the</strong> Portuguese Tropical Research Institute (IICT). This Portuguese Institute is devoted to <strong>the</strong> cooperationwith tropical countries, mainly African countries with historical ties to Portugal(http://www.iict.pt).GNSS activities427. Several co-operation activities have been undertaken between IICT and African countriesin <strong>the</strong> area <strong>of</strong> surveying and mapping involving GNSS techniques. Recent GPS observations forsuch purposes were carried out in <strong>the</strong> Republic <strong>of</strong> Mozambique. At <strong>the</strong> Republic <strong>of</strong> Cape Verde,besides activities <strong>of</strong> that kind, co-operation work has extensively used GPS for monitoringvolcanic activity in Fogo Island.73
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
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This document has not been formally
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CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
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Product4. The product of</s
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II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
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virtually every facet of</s
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27. Time and frequency disseminatio
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Service Availability Standard39. Th
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Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
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50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
Page 23 and 24:
Service Availability Standard62. Th
Page 25 and 26:
71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
Page 27 and 28: the Board, mainly
Page 29 and 30: • Vertical :• Velocity:• User
Page 31 and 32: • The network of
Page 33 and 34: 126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 35 and 36: • The Search and Rescue Service (
Page 37 and 38: invitation to tender to this effect
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88: Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90: include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91 and 92: VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Page 93 and 94: 465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96: • Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98: D. GNSS training opportunities <str
Page 99 and 100: VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102: Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
Page 103 and 104: appropriate national security reaso
Page 105 and 106: VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107 and 108: for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 109 and 110: • Develop the sk
Page 111 and 112: Recommendation 2. The development <
Page 113 and 114: 583. The need to develop th
Page 115 and 116: 589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
Page 117 and 118: Annex I: Indian universities, resea
Page 119 and 120: University/researchinstitute/compan
Page 121 and 122: Annex III: Italian universities and
Page 123 and 124: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 125 and 126: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIXList of we
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