Services334. The Portuguese Geographical Institute, resp<strong>on</strong>sible for geodesy and mapping, has beenusing GPS in different applicati<strong>on</strong>s. The establishment and maintenance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> a permanent GPSnetwork for EUREF as well as <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> disseminati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> data also falls under its resp<strong>on</strong>sibility(http://www.igeo.pt).335. Similarly, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Military Geographical Institute (http://www.igeoe.pt) and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>Hydrographical Institute (http://www.hidrografico.pt) have current applicati<strong>on</strong>s with GPS.O<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r activities336. In Portugal, GPS is widely used in different fields, both by public instituti<strong>on</strong>s as well asby private firms. In areas such as <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> envir<strong>on</strong>ment, forestry, Earth resources, mapping, navigati<strong>on</strong>,fleet management and c<strong>on</strong>trol, and dam m<strong>on</strong>itoring, GPS is a technique <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> fundamentalimportance, giving rise to a c<strong>on</strong>siderable market <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> GPS equipment. All <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> main trademarksare represented in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> country.337. Since Portugal is a member <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> EU and ESA, particular attenti<strong>on</strong> is being given to all<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> development phases <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> GALILEO.2. Latin America and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Caribbean338. In <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> late 1970s, activities related to GNSS started in Argentina. Most <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>se activitieshave been developed at La Plata Nati<strong>on</strong>al University (Universidad Naci<strong>on</strong>al de La Plata), in itsFaculty <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Astr<strong>on</strong>omical and Geophysical Sciences (FCAGLP).339. The c<strong>on</strong>tributi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> astr<strong>on</strong>omers and geodesists <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> FCAGLP covers severalaspects <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> GNSS work: scientific research, training, development and transfer <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> “know-how”and practical applicati<strong>on</strong>s.340. This secti<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>report</str<strong>on</strong>g> summarizes <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>tributi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> two groups at <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> FCAGLP toGPS work:1. Satellite Geodesy Group (SGG): particularly oriented towards <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> practicalapplicati<strong>on</strong>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> GPS; and2. Georeferenciación Satelital (GESA) or Satellite referencing <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Earth: whichdevelops research work <strong>on</strong> GPS, organizes lectures, courses and seminars, being veryfamiliar with educati<strong>on</strong> at <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> university level (pre- and post-degree levels).Augmentati<strong>on</strong> Systems341. In Brazil, SBAS (Space Based Augmentati<strong>on</strong> System)’s testbed was underway. Thetopics related to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> subject are i<strong>on</strong>osphere and scintillati<strong>on</strong> modelling. There is also a project fora geostati<strong>on</strong>ary <strong>satellite</strong>.342. In additi<strong>on</strong>, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>re was <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> GBAS (Ground Based Augmentati<strong>on</strong> System): development <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>DGNSS network and development <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> pseudolite.60
GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Latin American and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Caribbean regi<strong>on</strong>s343. WAAS-type SBAS trials in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Latin American and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Caribbean regi<strong>on</strong>s, denominatedCSTB (CAR/SAM Test Bed), have been c<strong>on</strong>ducted under a ICAO-UNDP regi<strong>on</strong>al technical cooperati<strong>on</strong>project for Latin America and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Caribbean. This project was being executed thanks to<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> co-operati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Government <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> United States, through <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> FAA, with <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> participati<strong>on</strong>and co-operati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> following States and Organizati<strong>on</strong>s: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, United States, Venezuela and COCESNA. ICAO signed aMemorandum <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Understanding with <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> FAA to borrow <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> equipment required for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> trials,and to obtain <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> support necessary for training and trial analyses.344. The CSTB trial platform c<strong>on</strong>sists <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 13 reference stati<strong>on</strong>s, two master stati<strong>on</strong>s, and <strong>on</strong>eground stati<strong>on</strong> for linkage to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> geostati<strong>on</strong>ary <strong>satellite</strong>. This platform has been fully installed, and<strong>on</strong>ly <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Earth stati<strong>on</strong> for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>satellite</strong> link was pending. Since <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> beginning <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> project (June2001) important trials have been c<strong>on</strong>ducted that have led to significant results for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> LatinAmerican and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Caribbean regi<strong>on</strong>s, which will c<strong>on</strong>tribute to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> implementati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> a regi<strong>on</strong>alSBAS augmentati<strong>on</strong> system to support air navigati<strong>on</strong> phases (en-route and NPA). Fur<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>rmore,pers<strong>on</strong>nel from <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> aer<strong>on</strong>autical administrati<strong>on</strong>s involved in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> project have received training <strong>on</strong>installati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> reference stati<strong>on</strong>s, data processing, SBAS performance analysis, and management<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> data processing tools (FAA GPS soluti<strong>on</strong>), since this is a new technology. The project wasexpected to be completed by mid 2004.GNSS SBAS-EGNOS trials in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Latin American and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Caribbean regi<strong>on</strong>s345. This has been executed thanks to co-operati<strong>on</strong> from <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> European Community, throughESA, and from <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> participating State and internati<strong>on</strong>al organizati<strong>on</strong>s. EGNOS-type SBAS trials,denominated EDISA, are also being carried out through a ICAO/UNDP regi<strong>on</strong>al technical cooperati<strong>on</strong>project for Latin America and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Caribbean, with <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> participati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> followingStates and internati<strong>on</strong>al organizati<strong>on</strong>s: Colombia, Cuba, Spain, COCESNA and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> EuropeanCommunity. Phase I <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> this project envisaged <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> implementati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> EDISA platform, whichc<strong>on</strong>sists <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> three reference stati<strong>on</strong>s (RIMS), as well as very small aperture terminal (VSAT)communicati<strong>on</strong> stati<strong>on</strong>s installed next to each RIM. The informati<strong>on</strong> collected by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> RIMS issent to a master stati<strong>on</strong> in Europe for processing and issuance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> augmentati<strong>on</strong> signal through<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> INMARSAT AOR-E geostati<strong>on</strong>ary <strong>satellite</strong>. This signal can be used by duly-equippedaircraft. The project started in early 2003; <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> trial platform has been fully installed and flighttests for en-route, NPA and APV1 functi<strong>on</strong>s have been carried out in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> States involved.Pers<strong>on</strong>nel from <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>se States have received training <strong>on</strong> data processing and analytical tools(Pegasus plus EUROCONTROL), in order to raise awareness am<strong>on</strong>g States as to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> benefits <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><strong>satellite</strong> navigati<strong>on</strong>, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> future <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> GNSS, and especially <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> European strategy in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> GNSS field.The results <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> trials c<strong>on</strong>firmed <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> performance anticipated by simulati<strong>on</strong>s: accuracy betterthan 10 meters and integrity level up to APV I (approach with vertical guidance with a verticalalert limit <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 50 meters). The trials provided useful informati<strong>on</strong> in support <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> ICAO activitiesin <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> definiti<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> GNSS strategy for <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> regi<strong>on</strong>. Areas <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> synergy with <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> WAAS trialswere also identified (i<strong>on</strong>osphere and troposphere).346. This project also c<strong>on</strong>templated a sec<strong>on</strong>d phase, which was expected to start <strong>on</strong>ce <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> firstphase had been completed. It included pers<strong>on</strong>nel training activities, trials with an architecturedifferent to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong>e used in Phase I, collecti<strong>on</strong> and analysis <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> GNSS data, use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Pegasus Plustool, studies to be submitted to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> GREPECAS ATM/CNS Subgroup, and o<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r activities which61