report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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etween 13 study groups. By <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CEGRN Consortium, an organization thatconforms to <strong>the</strong> European research policy trends, <strong>the</strong> participating countries would like to ensure<strong>the</strong> long-term continuation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> project. The CERGOP-2 project was funded within <strong>the</strong> EU’sfifth Framework Programme.323. Considerable experience is gained with differential GNSS service in many countries <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> region. Differential methods are used, e.g., in <strong>the</strong> Czech Republic where <strong>the</strong> TechnicalUniversity operates a reference station in Prague. The corrections are transmitted to <strong>the</strong> rovingreceivers via FM and long-wave radio. It is known that advanced national and regional DGNSSsystems would significantly improve <strong>the</strong> positioning accuracy and boost <strong>the</strong> applications. To thisend, <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> a multi-purpose GNSS reference network (EUPOS, European PositionDetermination System) is currently under consideration by an international working group <strong>of</strong>experts. The network would adopt <strong>the</strong> standards successfully developed in Germany for <strong>the</strong>irSAPOS (Satellite Positioning Service) system.324. In many countries, <strong>the</strong>re is a need to increase <strong>the</strong> awareness <strong>of</strong> policy makers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>benefits <strong>of</strong> GNSS, and at <strong>the</strong> same time, to increase funding available to establish a nationalinfrastructure. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> proper governmental organizational structure to deal with GNSSissues needs to be established, which is sometimes difficult due to <strong>the</strong> multi-disciplinary nature <strong>of</strong>GNNS issues. In Austria, as a good example, satellite navigation activities are co-ordinated andmanaged by <strong>the</strong> GALILEO Contact Point Austria (www.galileo-austria.at) established at <strong>the</strong>Austrian Space Agency (ASA, www.asaspace.at), and by <strong>the</strong> Austrian Institute <strong>of</strong> Navigation(OVN, www.ovn.at). A national testbed – <strong>the</strong> Austrian Radionavigation Technology andIntegrated Satnav services and products Testbed (ARTIST) - has been established by <strong>the</strong> FederalMinistry <strong>of</strong> Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT) in order to demonstrate throughpilot projects <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> navigation services <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European GALILEO satellite system to beoperational by 2008. Through <strong>the</strong> ARTIST Programme, various application areas will bedemonstrated and evaluated with respect to <strong>the</strong>ir innovative character and pr<strong>of</strong>itability. Inparticular, <strong>the</strong> objectives <strong>of</strong> ARTIST are to test and establish new and promising market segmentsfor satellite navigation applications, to increase <strong>the</strong> awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> capabilities <strong>of</strong> satellitenavigation applications in general, and to stimulate Austrian institutions to increasinglyparticipate in <strong>the</strong> international navigation applications networks. All Austrian institutions relatedto navigation and its applications are encouraged to participate in <strong>the</strong> ARTIST Programme.325. The main topics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first “Call for Proposals” opened in April 2002, funded by <strong>the</strong>BMVIT with an amount <strong>of</strong> € 2.000.000. Topics comprised: fleet management, including allmodalities and inter-modalities, agriculture and forestry. The large number <strong>of</strong> project proposalsreceived (22) was an impressive response to <strong>the</strong> efforts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> BMVIT to support and streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>the</strong> navigation market in Austria. The duration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> projects shall be approximately one year.Thus, it will be possible to evaluate <strong>the</strong> project findings and results within a reasonable timeframeto initiate follow-up activities in <strong>the</strong> most promising areas. In addition to <strong>the</strong> Call for Proposals,participants were invited to elaborate ideas in <strong>the</strong> area <strong>of</strong> satellite navigation, its applications andvalue-added services. The ideas were not bound to <strong>the</strong> main topics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Call for Proposals, butwere open to address all areas where satellite-based navigation is expected to play a major role.The project proposals and ideas received by <strong>the</strong> GALILEO Contact Point Austria are to beevaluated by an international expert committee. A second Call for Proposals with focus onapplications in <strong>the</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> tourism and leisure time, personal navigation, search- and rescueservices, and fleet management, was expected to open on 1 April 2004. The Call would close on 7June 2004. Institutions or entities interested in participating in <strong>the</strong> ARTIST-Programme wereinvited to contact <strong>the</strong> GALILEO Contact Point Austria at Austrian Space Agency (ASA) .58
326. The regional activity in <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> GNSS is reflected in various conferences. From 1991to 1999, biennial scientific symposia titled “GPS in Central Europe” were held in Hungary withparticipants from <strong>the</strong> region and o<strong>the</strong>r areas. The topics covered included geodesy, heightdetermination, geodynamics, reference frames, meteorology, differential GPS, instrumentation,data analysis techniques and several o<strong>the</strong>r issues. The proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> symposia werepublished by <strong>the</strong> Satellite Geodetic Observatory <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Institute <strong>of</strong> Geodesy and Cartography,Hungary (www.sgo.fomi.hu) and <strong>the</strong> Institute <strong>of</strong> Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy, WarsawUniversity <strong>of</strong> Technology, Poland (gik.pw.edu.pl/igga.html) in <strong>the</strong> Reports <strong>of</strong> Geodesy series.327. Ano<strong>the</strong>r important event in Austria was <strong>the</strong> holding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European NavigationConference on Global Navigation Satellite Systems, hosted by OVN on behalf <strong>of</strong> EUGIN, from22 to 25 April 2003 at <strong>the</strong> Congress Centre in Graz, Styria (ENC – GNSS, www.gnss2003.com).The ENC – GNSS 2003 was <strong>the</strong> seventh conference in <strong>the</strong> GNSS series held under <strong>the</strong> auspices<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European Group <strong>of</strong> Institutes <strong>of</strong> Navigation (EUGIN). The conference focused on <strong>the</strong>actual status as well as on future developments in satellite navigation systems, with specialemphasis on GALILEO.328. In Italy, <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> satellite-based navigation systems is continuously growing in <strong>the</strong>various transport sectors: civil aviation, maritime and ground (road and rail) as well as innumerous fields <strong>of</strong> “non-transport” applications such as geodesy, agriculture, GIS, and RTK.329. The Italian Ministry <strong>of</strong> Transport, based on <strong>the</strong> promotional activities conducted by <strong>the</strong>Italian Space Agency and <strong>the</strong> Italian Institute <strong>of</strong> Navigation, has undertaken an attempt topromote <strong>the</strong> debates for a national Radio Navigation Plan, allowing to co-ordinate radionavigation systems on <strong>the</strong> territory in a harmonised and cooperated fashion.330. The Italian Space Agency (ASI- www.asi.it), being one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> major contributors to <strong>the</strong>European Programme GALILEO, is fostering <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> Applications <strong>of</strong> SatelliteNavigation in co-operation with Governmental Operational Entities (ENAC, ENAV, Italian CoastGuard) in order to pave <strong>the</strong> way for GALILEO.331. As far as <strong>the</strong> Reference Networks for precise positioning is concerned, <strong>the</strong> Italian SpaceAgency is owner <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> main network in Italy, which is part <strong>of</strong> an international geodesy network.Research activities332. The use <strong>of</strong> GPS techniques in Portugal goes back to <strong>the</strong> 1980s, when a large observationcampaign was organised by <strong>the</strong> Faculty <strong>of</strong> Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Porto, in co-operation with <strong>the</strong>Geodetic Institute, University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Armed Forces <strong>of</strong> Munich, to monitor plate-tectonicmovements in <strong>the</strong> Azores-Gibraltar area .333. Since <strong>the</strong>n, many research projects have been carried out, going from studies <strong>of</strong> platetectonics and volcanism to <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> high atmosphere from on-board GPS measurements,passing by different projects on Earth, including navigation and attitude determination andcontrol. In some cases, besides GPS, also <strong>the</strong> GLONASS system has been used. As a result, alarge number <strong>of</strong> scientific papers have been published and several Ph.D. <strong>the</strong>sis have been writtenin Portuguese universities as well as in research institutes. At present, attention is also beinggiven to <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> GNSS and GALILEO.59
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
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This document has not been formally
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CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
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Product4. The product of</s
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II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
Page 13 and 14: virtually every facet of</s
Page 15 and 16: 27. Time and frequency disseminatio
Page 17 and 18: Service Availability Standard39. Th
Page 19 and 20: Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
Page 21 and 22: 50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
Page 23 and 24: Service Availability Standard62. Th
Page 25 and 26: 71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
Page 27 and 28: the Board, mainly
Page 29 and 30: • Vertical :• Velocity:• User
Page 31 and 32: • The network of
Page 33 and 34: 126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 35 and 36: • The Search and Rescue Service (
Page 37 and 38: invitation to tender to this effect
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88: Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90: include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91 and 92: VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Page 93 and 94: 465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96: • Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98: D. GNSS training opportunities <str
Page 99 and 100: VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102: Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
Page 103 and 104: appropriate national security reaso
Page 105 and 106: VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107 and 108: for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 109 and 110: • Develop the sk
Page 111 and 112: Recommendation 2. The development <
Page 113 and 114: 583. The need to develop th
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589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
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Annex I: Indian universities, resea
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University/researchinstitute/compan
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Annex III: Italian universities and
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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APPENDIXList of we
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