report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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288. A common concern for surveyors is that existing GNSS surveying receivers are <strong>the</strong> mostcomplex and <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>the</strong> most expensive on <strong>the</strong> market. This requires that equipment must beuseful for several years so that return on investment can take place. This is especially true forprivate surveying companies and in developing countries. Therefore, <strong>the</strong> cost to upgradeequipment to take advantage <strong>of</strong> new developments is a significant issue for surveyors and willeffect how quickly new GNSS capabilities will be taken up and applied. This could be magnifiedby <strong>the</strong> fact that many current surveying users are already getting good performance from <strong>the</strong>capabilities <strong>of</strong>fered by GPS as it is at <strong>the</strong> present moment.The role <strong>of</strong> FIG in GNSS development289. FIG can play a number <strong>of</strong> roles in progressing <strong>the</strong> goals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Nations ActionTeam on GNSS. FIG is well placed to help for <strong>the</strong> following reasons.290. FIG is already committed to assisting with issues concerning developing countries andhas several MoU with key United Nations Organizations.291. National delegates to many FIG Commissions are working in GNSS applications everyday and at various levels <strong>of</strong> accuracy. FIG’s national delegate network could be very useful fornew users to contact existing educated users in <strong>the</strong>ir countries or regions.292. FIG Commissions can assist with implementing and publicising <strong>report</strong>s and road mapsthrough its existing network <strong>of</strong> contacts and through its existing outreach activities such asregional conferences in regions with developing countries.293. In relation to GNSS education, FIG has a Surveying Education Database with over 240institutes <strong>of</strong>fering 425 courses, in 64 countries. Given <strong>the</strong> prominence <strong>of</strong> GNSS as a tool forsurveyors, many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se courses will include GNSS content. Importantly, that content will betailored to deal with local issues such as dealing with <strong>the</strong> current geodetic reference frame in agiven country or region.294. FIG is also working closely with IAG on issues such as Reference Frame matters and iswell placed to help GNSS users understand <strong>the</strong> concerned issues.Final comment295. As a final comment, FIG supports <strong>the</strong> need for a global GNSS Co-ordination Board under<strong>the</strong> auspices <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Nations.E. United Nations Programme on Space Applications296. The Office for Outer Space Affairs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Nations Secretariat is responsible forplanning and managing <strong>the</strong> United Nations Programme on Space Applications. The Programmewas established in 1971 to create awareness <strong>of</strong> policy makers and interested government agencies<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> benefits that could be derived from space applications. The Programme also developedtraining and education programmes to enable <strong>of</strong>ficials from developing countries to gain practicalexperience in <strong>the</strong>se applications. The mandate <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Programme was expanded by <strong>the</strong> Secondand Third United Nations Conferences on <strong>the</strong> Exploration and Peaceful Uses <strong>of</strong> Outer Space, heldin Vienna, Austria, in 1982 (UNISPACE 82) and 1999 (UNISPACE III), respectively. Theactivities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Programme on Space Applications are funded by regular budget <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United52
Nations and voluntary contributions through <strong>the</strong> Trust Fund for United Nations Programme onSpace Applications.297. The overall strategy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Programme is to concentrate on a few <strong>the</strong>mes <strong>of</strong> majorimportance for developing countries and to establish objectives that can be achieved in <strong>the</strong> shortand medium terms. For each <strong>the</strong>me, individual activities build on <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> previous activitiesaimed at achieving concrete results in a period <strong>of</strong> two to five years. The use and applications <strong>of</strong>global navigation satellite systems is one <strong>of</strong> such <strong>the</strong>mes <strong>of</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Programme.298. With <strong>the</strong> funds provided by <strong>the</strong> Government <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States <strong>of</strong> America, <strong>the</strong>Programme organized a series <strong>of</strong> four regional workshops and two international expert meetingson <strong>the</strong> use and applications <strong>of</strong> global navigation satellite systems in 2001, 2002 and 2003. Theregional workshops were held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in August 2001, Vienna, Austria, inNovember 2001 and December 2003, Santiago de Chile, in April 2002 and Lusaka, Zambia, inJuly 2002. Each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regional workshops aimed to bring <strong>the</strong> benefits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> availability and use<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GNSS signals to <strong>the</strong> awareness <strong>of</strong> decision-makers and technical personnel from potentialuser institutions and service providers in <strong>the</strong> private sector, particularly those in developingcountries. Each workshop also aimed to identify <strong>action</strong>s to be taken and partnerships to beestablished by potential users in <strong>the</strong> respective region to integrate <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> GNSS signals inpractical applications in order to protect <strong>the</strong> environment and promote sustainable development.The results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se workshops and <strong>the</strong>ir recommendations were reviewed at <strong>the</strong> internationalmeeting <strong>of</strong> experts on GNSS held in Vienna in November 2002.299. Within <strong>the</strong> framework <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Programme on Space Applications, <strong>the</strong> Office intends toprovide technical assistance, within <strong>the</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> its resources, in initiating and supporting <strong>the</strong>pilot projects resulting form <strong>the</strong> above series <strong>of</strong> regional workshops and <strong>the</strong> international meeting.F. O<strong>the</strong>r entitiesThe German Institute <strong>of</strong> Navigation (DGON)300. In Germany, many conferences in relation with ground-based (e.g. Loran-C) and satellitebasednavigation (e.g. GALILEO) take place every year. Technical issues and navigationapplications are in <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> interest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> numerous presentations and discussions. Oneinstitute that organises navigation conferences should be mentioned: <strong>the</strong> German Institute <strong>of</strong>Navigation (DGON). DGON is working as a German umbrella association for severalconferences.301. The German Institute <strong>of</strong> Navigation (DGON) (www.dgon.de) is a non-pr<strong>of</strong>it makingorganization <strong>of</strong> public interest. The institute was founded in 1951. Its main objectives are:• Assistance <strong>of</strong> scientific activities related to navigation and position finding; and• Support <strong>of</strong> research & development activities.302. Finally, <strong>the</strong> provision <strong>of</strong> opportunities to present and introduce new applications in <strong>the</strong>field <strong>of</strong> navigation, localisation and positioning are also part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Institute’s supportingactivities. This is to advance and to <strong>of</strong>fer practicable contributions for improving safety andeconomy <strong>of</strong> maritime, air, land, space and inland waterway traffic and adherent means <strong>of</strong>communication, including telematic, radar, transponder, gyro and robotic engineering.53
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
Page 3 and 4:
This document has not been formally
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CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
Page 7 and 8: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
Page 9 and 10: Product4. The product of</s
Page 11 and 12: II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
Page 13 and 14: virtually every facet of</s
Page 15 and 16: 27. Time and frequency disseminatio
Page 17 and 18: Service Availability Standard39. Th
Page 19 and 20: Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
Page 21 and 22: 50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
Page 23 and 24: Service Availability Standard62. Th
Page 25 and 26: 71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
Page 27 and 28: the Board, mainly
Page 29 and 30: • Vertical :• Velocity:• User
Page 31 and 32: • The network of
Page 33 and 34: 126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 35 and 36: • The Search and Rescue Service (
Page 37 and 38: invitation to tender to this effect
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88: Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90: include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91 and 92: VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Page 93 and 94: 465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96: • Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98: D. GNSS training opportunities <str
Page 99 and 100: VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102: Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
Page 103 and 104: appropriate national security reaso
Page 105 and 106: VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107 and 108: for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 109 and 110:
• Develop the sk
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Recommendation 2. The development <
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583. The need to develop th
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589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
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Annex I: Indian universities, resea
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University/researchinstitute/compan
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Annex III: Italian universities and
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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APPENDIXList of we
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