report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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IntroductionThis special publication has been compiled by <strong>the</strong> United Nations Office for Outer SpaceAffairs on <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work and contributions from experts and members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Action Team on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) established by <strong>the</strong> Committee on<strong>the</strong> Peaceful Uses <strong>of</strong> Outer Space (COPUOS). The Action Team was established to carry out <strong>the</strong>recommendation relating to global navigation satellite systems made by <strong>the</strong> Third United NationsConference on <strong>the</strong> Exploration and Peaceful Uses <strong>of</strong> Outer Space (UNISPACE III), held from 19to 30 July 1999, in Vienna, Austria.The Action Team worked under <strong>the</strong> leadership <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States <strong>of</strong> America and Italyand was composed by Member States <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Nations as well as entities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> UnitedNations system, o<strong>the</strong>r intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental entities. Startingfrom November 2001, <strong>the</strong> Action Team has accomplished its programme <strong>of</strong> work, meeting on <strong>the</strong>margins <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sessions <strong>of</strong> COPUOS and those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Scientific and Technical Subcommittee <strong>of</strong>COPUOS, and during meetings <strong>of</strong> experts on GNSS organized under <strong>the</strong> United NationsProgramme on Space Applications, as well as through work carried out by Internet andteleconferences.This <strong>report</strong> represents <strong>the</strong> final product <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Action Team and containsinformation on relevant national and international activities on promoting use, access to andquality <strong>of</strong> GNSS services. It includes proposals for specific recommendations to COPUOS ando<strong>the</strong>r relevant United Nations bodies, non-governmental entities, as well as United NationsMember States and international organizations concerning development, co-ordination andincreased use <strong>of</strong> GNSS, particularly for <strong>the</strong> benefit <strong>of</strong> developing countries. Theserecommendations were selected among a large number <strong>of</strong> proposals and recommendations madeat <strong>the</strong> four United Nations/United States <strong>of</strong> America regional workshops and <strong>the</strong> two internationalmeetings <strong>of</strong> experts on <strong>the</strong> use and applications <strong>of</strong> GNSS.This publication intends to disseminate information on <strong>the</strong> concept <strong>of</strong> worldwidenavigation satellite systems and <strong>the</strong> many and ever-growing possibilities to use GNSSapplications for human development and welfare, as contained in <strong>the</strong> “Space Millennium: ViennaDeclaration on Space and Human Development” and recommended at UNISPACE III.iii
CONTENTSIntroduction .................................................................................................................................... iiiPageI. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1A. Background <strong>of</strong> Action Team .....................................................................................1B. Terms <strong>of</strong> reference.....................................................................................................1C. Membership <strong>of</strong> Action Team ....................................................................................3II.III.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING GNSS AND AUGMENTATIONS.........5A. Existing and planned GNSS......................................................................................5B. GNSS augmentations ..............................................................................................31OVERVIEW OF EXISTING ACTIVITIES TO PROMOTE GNSS................................38A. Civil GPS Service Interface Committee..................................................................38B. GLONASS service interface ...................................................................................40C. United Nations agencies..........................................................................................41D. International organizations ......................................................................................44E. United Nations Programme on Space Applications ................................................52F. O<strong>the</strong>r entities ...........................................................................................................53IV. GNSS APPLICATIONS ...................................................................................................55A. General applications <strong>of</strong> GNSS ................................................................................55B. Applications predominant in specific regions .........................................................561. Europe ..............................................................................................................562. Latin America and <strong>the</strong> Caribbean.....................................................................603. Asia and <strong>the</strong> Pacific..........................................................................................694. Africa................................................................................................................73V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.......................................79A. Needs <strong>of</strong> developing countries ................................................................................79B. Civil aviation ...........................................................................................................81C. Telecommunications ...............................................................................................84D. Conclusion...............................................................................................................84v
Page 1 and 2: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
Page 3: This document has not been formally
Page 7 and 8: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
Page 9 and 10: Product4. The product of</s
Page 11 and 12: II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
Page 13 and 14: virtually every facet of</s
Page 15 and 16: 27. Time and frequency disseminatio
Page 17 and 18: Service Availability Standard39. Th
Page 19 and 20: Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
Page 21 and 22: 50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
Page 23 and 24: Service Availability Standard62. Th
Page 25 and 26: 71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
Page 27 and 28: the Board, mainly
Page 29 and 30: • Vertical :• Velocity:• User
Page 31 and 32: • The network of
Page 33 and 34: 126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 35 and 36: • The Search and Rescue Service (
Page 37 and 38: invitation to tender to this effect
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
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measurements are used to evaluate <
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market can begin to develop. That a
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Nations and voluntary contributions
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IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
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317. Agricultural applications incl
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326. The regional activity in <stro
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GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
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356. Other activit
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with respect to the</strong
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379. Argentina has at present a “
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Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
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all mapping-related works in <stron
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monitoring, national reference <str
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Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
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• University of
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V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
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Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
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include Special Implementation Proj
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VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
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465. Many other GN
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• Theory and practice of<
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D. GNSS training opportunities <str
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VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
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Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
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appropriate national security reaso
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VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
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for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
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• Develop the sk
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Recommendation 2. The development <
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583. The need to develop th
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589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
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Annex I: Indian universities, resea
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University/researchinstitute/compan
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Annex III: Italian universities and
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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