report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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using MTSAT-1R and MTSAT-2 is expected to commence in <strong>the</strong> year 2006, given that <strong>the</strong>system performance levels using both satellites are satisfactory. MSAS is expected to <strong>of</strong>fer highlyreliable navigation services by utilising two MTSATs, and also reduction <strong>of</strong> aircraft separation.MSAS is expected to function as a shared infrastructure within <strong>the</strong> Asia and Pacific regions forGNSS use.Interoperability and <strong>the</strong> future potential <strong>of</strong> MSAS164. Satellite Based Augmentation Systems such as WAAS (Wide Area AugmentationSystem) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States, EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) <strong>of</strong>Europe, GAGAN (GPS And GEO Augmented Navigation) system <strong>of</strong> India and MSAS haveinteroperability at <strong>the</strong> signal in space level. This global integration <strong>of</strong> air navigation systemallows aircraft to use WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN and MSAS services with <strong>the</strong> same avionics. Allservice providers continue to examine <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> higher-level interoperability. In <strong>the</strong>future, <strong>the</strong>se wide-area augmentation systems are expected to provide higher-quality services,which are truly global and seamless services through <strong>the</strong> improvement <strong>of</strong> system performanceand expansion <strong>of</strong> service areas.QZSSOverview165. The Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) is a regional complementary andaugmentative system for GPS. When completed, <strong>the</strong> QZSS will consist <strong>of</strong> at least three satellitesto be operated on individual circular orbits at an inclination <strong>of</strong> 45 degrees over a geosynchronousperiod. Because <strong>the</strong> elevation angle is more than 70 degrees at all times, this satellite constellationensures visibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> region over Japan without blocking from buildings and mountainousfeatures. The QZSS orbital characteristics are <strong>the</strong>refore extremely valuable for high-speedcommunication and high accuracy navigation services.Schedule and development structure166. In 2003, <strong>the</strong> Japanese Government started research and development on <strong>the</strong> QZSS. Thefirst demonstration satellite is expected to be launched in 2008. The collaboration between <strong>the</strong>Government and <strong>the</strong> private sector is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most important aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> developmentprocess. Both groups are working toge<strong>the</strong>r on <strong>the</strong> QZSS Development and Utilisation Board inorder to facilitate <strong>the</strong> realisation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> QZSS system.International co-operation167. International co-operation between <strong>the</strong> GPS provider, <strong>the</strong> United States and Japan isessential for <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> QZSS and <strong>the</strong> GPS/QZSS Technical Working Group thatwas established in October 2002 to encourage this kind <strong>of</strong> co-operation. With respect to QZSSutilisation, expanding <strong>the</strong> service area to o<strong>the</strong>r countries in <strong>the</strong> Asia and Pacific regions,especially to Australia, could be considered for <strong>the</strong> future.168. Additional information about <strong>the</strong> QZSS, i.e., presentation materials introduced at <strong>the</strong> 5 thAction Team meeting, is available at <strong>the</strong> GNSS Action Team web site (http://forum.itu.int/~gnss).32
2. EGNOS169. As previously mentioned, EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service)is <strong>the</strong> forerunner <strong>of</strong> GALILEO and <strong>the</strong> first contribution <strong>of</strong> Europe to multimodal global satellitenavigation. The project started in 1995 by <strong>the</strong> European Commission, ESA and <strong>the</strong> EuropeanOrganisation for <strong>the</strong> Safety <strong>of</strong> Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) and is supported by several serviceproviders with <strong>the</strong>ir own investments.170. Currently, EGNOS has reached initial operational capability. An experimental service isavailable in an area covering Europe 2 and has been successfully tested in road, aviation andmaritime navigation since 2001. Some demonstration activities have been performed and o<strong>the</strong>rsare planned to be conducted outside Europe (e.g. Middle East, Latin America, Africa, <strong>the</strong>People’s Republic <strong>of</strong> China). It comprises a space segment <strong>of</strong> two Inmarsat transponders (AOR,IOR) and <strong>the</strong> newly launched Artemis geostationary satellite. The ground segment includes anumber <strong>of</strong> reference stations (RIMS) in Europe and beyond, a processing centre and uplinkfacilities.171. The system will be fully operational by 2004. EGNOS will complement GPS and <strong>the</strong>Russian GLONASS systems in order to provide civil service to European citizens. It warns <strong>the</strong>users <strong>of</strong> system malfunctions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GPS and GLONASS constellations by broadcasting on <strong>the</strong>L1 frequency band integrity signals on <strong>the</strong> health <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two constellations. The provision <strong>of</strong> thisquality control service (integrity) is essential for safety critical applications.172. EGNOS will also improve <strong>the</strong> accuracy <strong>of</strong> GPS and GLONASS by means <strong>of</strong> differentialcorrections. The correction data will improve <strong>the</strong> accuracy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> current services from about 20meters to better than 5 meters.173. Besides its own specific operational objective as <strong>the</strong> European SBAS, EGNOS is aunique instrument to gain experience not only in <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> GNSS technology but also,most importantly, in <strong>the</strong> operational introduction <strong>of</strong> GALILEO services.174. The ICAO international SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) standardsguarantee <strong>the</strong> interoperability <strong>of</strong> EGNOS and <strong>the</strong> two o<strong>the</strong>r inter-regional augmentation systemsMSAS and WAAS at user level. EGNOS will serve not only aviation but also o<strong>the</strong>r transport andnon-transport applications.175. EGNOS is an example <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European commitment to interoperability with alreadyexisting systems.3. WAAS176. The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) has been developed by <strong>the</strong> United StatesFederal Aviation Administration (FAA) to augment <strong>the</strong> GPS SPS navigation signal. The systemhas been operational for non-safety <strong>of</strong> life since August 2000 and has been widely used byapplications such as agriculture. It is estimated that <strong>the</strong>re are over 1 million users in <strong>the</strong>agricultural field alone in <strong>the</strong> United States. In July 2003, <strong>the</strong> FAA commissioned <strong>the</strong> system for2 Egnos Test Bed data 2. Oct 200233
Page 1 and 2: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
Page 3 and 4: This document has not been formally
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
Page 7 and 8: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
Page 9 and 10: Product4. The product of</s
Page 11 and 12: II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
Page 13 and 14: virtually every facet of</s
Page 15 and 16: 27. Time and frequency disseminatio
Page 17 and 18: Service Availability Standard39. Th
Page 19 and 20: Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
Page 21 and 22: 50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
Page 23 and 24: Service Availability Standard62. Th
Page 25 and 26: 71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
Page 27 and 28: the Board, mainly
Page 29 and 30: • Vertical :• Velocity:• User
Page 31 and 32: • The network of
Page 33 and 34: 126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 35 and 36: • The Search and Rescue Service (
Page 37: invitation to tender to this effect
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88: Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90:
include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91 and 92:
VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
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465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96:
• Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98:
D. GNSS training opportunities <str
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VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102:
Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
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appropriate national security reaso
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VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
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for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
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• Develop the sk
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Recommendation 2. The development <
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583. The need to develop th
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589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
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Annex I: Indian universities, resea
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University/researchinstitute/compan
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Annex III: Italian universities and
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128:
APPENDIXList of we
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