report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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Technical architecture and programme schedule145. GALILEO architecture has been designed to meet <strong>the</strong> service needs explained above. TheGALILEO global component, comprising <strong>the</strong> constellation <strong>of</strong> 27 active satellites, plus three inorbitpassive spare satellites on three orbital planes in Medium Earth Orbit and its associatedground segment, will broadcast <strong>the</strong> signals in space required to achieve <strong>the</strong> so-called satellite-onlyservices. The ground segment includes two control centres, a network <strong>of</strong> uplink stations, sensorstations and a GALILEO communications network.146. The regional components are foreseen to independently provide integrity to GALILEO incertain regions, in addition to <strong>the</strong> global integrity service.147. These GALILEO satellite-only services can be enhanced locally with <strong>the</strong> help <strong>of</strong> localelements that may be deployed for extra accuracy or integrity around airports, harbours, railheadsand in urban areas. Consequently, <strong>the</strong> global component will be designed from <strong>the</strong> start so as toeasily interface with <strong>the</strong>se elements.148. In <strong>the</strong> same way, <strong>the</strong> interoperability between GALILEO and external components willbe a major driver <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GALILEO design to allow for <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> applicationsembedding or combining GALILEO services and external systems services (e.g. navigation orcommunication systems, mobile phones).149. For example, <strong>the</strong> combined use <strong>of</strong> GALILEO and GPS standard positioning service willresult in a 95% availability <strong>of</strong> satellite signals in an urban environment. For comparison, relyingon GPS only gives today a 55% availability.150. Interoperability, added performance, safety, new applications and wider use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>technology are key factors in <strong>the</strong> definition and development <strong>of</strong> GALILEO.151. The GALILEO programme involves <strong>the</strong> following phases:• Development and in-Orbit validation (2003-2005);• Deployment (2006-2007); and• Operations (from 2008).152. The definition phase has been completed earlier. The manufacturing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> satellites and<strong>the</strong> related ground segment and launching <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first satellites will be completed during <strong>the</strong>Development and In-Orbit Validation Phase. This phase is co-funded by EC and ESA. The cost<strong>of</strong> developing and deploying <strong>the</strong> system, including <strong>the</strong> launch <strong>of</strong> 30 satellites and commissioning<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ground infrastructure is 3.4 billion Euros.153. The GALILEO Joint Undertaking is an enterprise that has overseen <strong>the</strong> programimplementation since September 2003 and is preparing <strong>the</strong> grounds for <strong>the</strong> deployment <strong>of</strong>infrastructure.154. The first two experimental GALILEO satellites are currently being built so as to retain<strong>the</strong> priority allocated when <strong>the</strong> frequencies were applied for within <strong>the</strong> ITU.155. In <strong>the</strong> deployment phase <strong>the</strong> private sector will contribute through a concession scheme toensure <strong>the</strong> user-orientation <strong>of</strong> GALILEO services. The GALILEO Joint Undertaking published an30
invitation to tender to this effect on 20 October 2003. The operating revenues will partiallyremunerate <strong>the</strong> concession holder.156. It is foreseen that a GALILEO Supervisory Authority will manage public interestsrelating to <strong>the</strong> GALILEO programme. It will act as a licensing authority vis-à-vis <strong>the</strong> futureprivate concessionaire to be designated before <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> 2004 and will endeavour to ensure that<strong>the</strong> operator complies with <strong>the</strong> contract, including <strong>the</strong> public service obligations in terms <strong>of</strong>continuity and guarantee <strong>of</strong> services.157. Various studies conducted in 2000-2002 demonstrated <strong>the</strong> economic viability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>project in comparison to classical infrastructure projects.Open to international co-operation158. GALILEO innovates also in bringing non-EU and non-ESA countries in <strong>the</strong> programmefrom <strong>the</strong> start. Hence, countries such as Canada, <strong>the</strong> Russian Federation and Ukraine have alreadybeen involved in <strong>the</strong> definition <strong>of</strong> work <strong>of</strong> GALILEO.159. On <strong>the</strong> political level, a formal co-operation agreement was signed by <strong>the</strong> EU and <strong>the</strong>People’s Republic <strong>of</strong> China on 30 October. Negotiations are ongoing with <strong>the</strong> United States and<strong>the</strong> Russian Federation on a similar agreement with focus on interoperability.160. Moreover, co-operation on various levels has been initiated, i.a. with <strong>the</strong> Mediterraneanpartner countries, South Korea and Australia.161. The GALILEO Joint Undertaking, located in Brussels, is a tool for industrial cooperation,not only between <strong>the</strong> public and <strong>the</strong> private sectors in Europe, but also between publicand private partners worldwide. It is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vehicles <strong>of</strong> EU policy to promote industrial cooperationwith companies from outside <strong>the</strong> Union.B. GNSS augmentations1. MSAS & QZSSMSASOverview162. MSAS (MTSAT Satellite-based Augmentation System) is <strong>the</strong> wide-area augmentationsystem for GPS. Once in operation, this state-<strong>of</strong>-<strong>the</strong>-art system will assure full navigation servicesfor aircraft in all flight phases within <strong>the</strong> Japanese FIR through MTSAT (Multi-functionalTransport Satellite) launched by <strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong> Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Aircraft canrely on <strong>the</strong> most efficient navigation system through reception <strong>of</strong> GPS signals and MSASaugmentation information, at anytime and any phase <strong>of</strong> flight.Schedule163. MTSAT-1R is scheduled for launch in Fiscal Year (FY) 2003. After that, MSASoperation is expected to commence once necessary data has been collected and performancelevels have been verified. MTSAT-2 is scheduled for launch in FY 2004. Operation <strong>of</strong> MSAS31
Page 1 and 2: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
Page 3 and 4: This document has not been formally
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
Page 7 and 8: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
Page 9 and 10: Product4. The product of</s
Page 11 and 12: II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
Page 13 and 14: virtually every facet of</s
Page 15 and 16: 27. Time and frequency disseminatio
Page 17 and 18: Service Availability Standard39. Th
Page 19 and 20: Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
Page 21 and 22: 50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
Page 23 and 24: Service Availability Standard62. Th
Page 25 and 26: 71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
Page 27 and 28: the Board, mainly
Page 29 and 30: • Vertical :• Velocity:• User
Page 31 and 32: • The network of
Page 33 and 34: 126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 35: • The Search and Rescue Service (
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
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Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
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include Special Implementation Proj
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VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
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465. Many other GN
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• Theory and practice of<
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D. GNSS training opportunities <str
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VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
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Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
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appropriate national security reaso
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VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
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for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
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• Develop the sk
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Recommendation 2. The development <
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583. The need to develop th
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589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
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Annex I: Indian universities, resea
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University/researchinstitute/compan
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Annex III: Italian universities and
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128:
APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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