report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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133. GALILEO, unlike EGNOS, is a global stand-alone system. It will be <strong>the</strong> first civilsatellite positioning and navigation system under control <strong>of</strong> European public authorities that willbe operated by a private entity.134. GALILEO will provide <strong>the</strong> required stability for European investments in this area and inindustries around <strong>the</strong> world in innovative market segments. GALILEO will also <strong>of</strong>fer, alongsidean open service similar to <strong>the</strong> GPS civilian service, new features to improve and guaranteeservices, <strong>the</strong>reby creating <strong>the</strong> conditions for responding to obligations imposed by regulated,safety <strong>of</strong> life or commercial applications. GALILEO will be compatible and interoperable witho<strong>the</strong>r systems at user level to facilitate <strong>the</strong>ir combined use all over <strong>the</strong> world. For higherreliability, common failure modes between EGNOS and GALILEO on one hand, and GALILEOand GPS on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, will be prevented. Special attention has been given to <strong>the</strong> securityaspect <strong>of</strong> GALILEO, with <strong>the</strong> aim to protect its infrastructure and to prevent <strong>the</strong> potential misuse<strong>of</strong> its signals.System description135. Some web sites related to <strong>the</strong> subject are indicated below:• http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo• http://www.esa.int/export/esaSA/navigation.html• http://www.galileoju.comServices and activities <strong>of</strong> GALILEO136. Four navigation services and one service to support Search and Rescue operations havebeen identified to cover <strong>the</strong> widest range <strong>of</strong> user needs, including pr<strong>of</strong>essional users, scientists,mass-market users, safety <strong>of</strong> life and public-regulated domains. Following consultations withvarious user groups and international standardisation organizations such as ICAO and IMO, <strong>the</strong>following set <strong>of</strong> GALILEO Satellite-only services will be provided worldwide:• The Open Service results from a combination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> basic signals, free <strong>of</strong> user chargeto <strong>the</strong> general public. It provides position and timing performances competitive with<strong>the</strong> two o<strong>the</strong>r GNSS systems.• The Safety <strong>of</strong> Life Service is a service <strong>of</strong> a very high quality for safety-criticalapplications, such as aviation and maritime transport. It will improve <strong>the</strong> OpenService by providing quick warnings (integrity) to <strong>the</strong> user if it fails to meet safetymargins <strong>of</strong> accuracy. Guarantees are considered for this service.• The Commercial Service facilitates <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional applications and<strong>of</strong>fers enhanced performance compared with <strong>the</strong> Open Service, particularly in terms<strong>of</strong> higher data rates, service guarantees and accuracy.• The Public Regulated Service (PRS) provides position and timing to publicauthorities responsible for civil protection and security. Two PRS navigation signalswith encrypted ranging codes and data will provide a higher level <strong>of</strong> protection, e.g.against interference or jamming.28
• The Search and Rescue Service (SAR) broadcasts globally <strong>the</strong> alert messagesreceived from distress emitting beacons. It will contribute significantly to enhance<strong>the</strong> performances <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> international COSPAS-SARSAT Search and Rescue system.• GALILEO will provide a basic performance <strong>of</strong> 4m-horizontal accuracy and 8mverticalaccuracy at 95% confidence level.137. Ten signals will be needed to provide <strong>the</strong>se services. They will be broadcast on frequencybands E5A-E5B, E6, E2-L1-E1 allocated to radionavigation systems by <strong>the</strong> WorldRadiocommunications Conferences <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1997and 2000.138. Foreseen GALILEO carrier frequencies:E5a (=L5)fE 5 a= 1 176.450 MHzE5bfE 5 b= 1 207.140 MHzE6f E 6= 1 278.750 MHzL1f L 1 = 1 575.42 MH139. Considering <strong>the</strong> limited availability <strong>of</strong> spectrum for satellite navigation, an overlay <strong>of</strong>frequency bands used by GPS and GALILEO is inevitable. Such sharing complies withinternational ITU principles when <strong>the</strong>re is no harmful interference to ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two systems. Italso contributes to interoperability by facilitating <strong>the</strong> joint use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GALILEO and GPS forbetter performance.140. The European Union is raising awareness and promoting GNSS through a variety <strong>of</strong>activities and instruments linked mainly to <strong>the</strong> GALILEO programme. These include promotion<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> technology at high political level by <strong>the</strong> EC and <strong>the</strong> European Parliament.141. At <strong>the</strong> user level, <strong>the</strong> EC contributes to <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> standardisation and userorganizations, GALILEO user forums, sponsoring <strong>of</strong> GNSS conferences, through ECpublications, <strong>the</strong> GALILEO newsletter and <strong>the</strong> GALILEO website(http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/GALILEO).142. At <strong>the</strong> scientific and industrial levels <strong>the</strong> EU finances extensive research anddevelopment activities in co-operation with <strong>the</strong> ESA. A number <strong>of</strong> non-EU countries have alreadyparticipated in <strong>the</strong>se activities.143. The GALILEO Joint Undertaking will gradually take over and expand many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>seactivities particularly in end-user, industrial and scientific arena. The regulatory and internationalpolicy activities remain with <strong>the</strong> EC.144. On a technical level, <strong>the</strong> EC and <strong>the</strong> ESA have performed demonstrations and tests <strong>of</strong>EGNOS services in various parts <strong>of</strong> Europe and in Africa toge<strong>the</strong>r with local authorities. More <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong>se activities will follow in o<strong>the</strong>r continents.29
Page 1 and 2: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
Page 3 and 4: This document has not been formally
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
Page 7 and 8: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
Page 9 and 10: Product4. The product of</s
Page 11 and 12: II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
Page 13 and 14: virtually every facet of</s
Page 15 and 16: 27. Time and frequency disseminatio
Page 17 and 18: Service Availability Standard39. Th
Page 19 and 20: Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
Page 21 and 22: 50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
Page 23 and 24: Service Availability Standard62. Th
Page 25 and 26: 71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
Page 27 and 28: the Board, mainly
Page 29 and 30: • Vertical :• Velocity:• User
Page 31 and 32: • The network of
Page 33: 126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 37 and 38: invitation to tender to this effect
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86:
V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88:
Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90:
include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91 and 92:
VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
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465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96:
• Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98:
D. GNSS training opportunities <str
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VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102:
Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
Page 103 and 104:
appropriate national security reaso
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VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107 and 108:
for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 109 and 110:
• Develop the sk
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Recommendation 2. The development <
Page 113 and 114:
583. The need to develop th
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589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
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Annex I: Indian universities, resea
Page 119 and 120:
University/researchinstitute/compan
Page 121 and 122:
Annex III: Italian universities and
Page 123 and 124:
Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 125 and 126:
Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128:
APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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