report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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e less than 30 m (95%). In that time period <strong>the</strong> modernisation <strong>of</strong> ground control segment isplanned assuming <strong>the</strong> deployment <strong>of</strong> one–way receiving station network for orbit determinationand clock correction determination. The integrity monitoring system based on <strong>the</strong> spread one-wayreceiving station network shall be implemented as well.105. From 2007 to 2008, <strong>the</strong> new generation satellites GLONASS-K with extendedperformances will be launched transmitting <strong>the</strong> third civil signal at L3 frequency band (1190.5 –1212 MHz). The search and rescue service is expected to be implemented on board <strong>of</strong>GLONASS-K. Positioning accuracy will be available <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> order <strong>of</strong> 5-7 m (95%). Modernisation<strong>of</strong> ground segment assumes <strong>the</strong> global integrity monitoring system deployment and globaldifferential system implementation to provide for users <strong>the</strong> integrity information and higher realtimeaccuracy <strong>of</strong> positioning.106. Study <strong>of</strong> requirements for <strong>the</strong> next GLONASS generation (code name is GLONASS-KM) has been initiated in 2002.107. Generally, <strong>the</strong> full (24 satellites) GLONASS constellation transmitting two civil signalsshould be available from 2010. Three civil signals from <strong>the</strong> full GLONASS constellation areplanned to be available after 2012.GLONASS application108. Being a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GNSS system, GLONASS in combination with GPS can benefit usersby providing more reliable navigation with better availability <strong>of</strong> navigation service, particularly inurban and canyon conditions. Due to higher orbit inclination than GPS, <strong>the</strong> GLONASS service isbetter presented in <strong>the</strong> polar regions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Earth. The frequency division <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GLONASSnavigation channels provides users with <strong>the</strong> robust navigation in <strong>the</strong> conditions <strong>of</strong> interferenceand greater anti-jam capability.GLONASS augmentation109. The Federal Space Agency, in <strong>the</strong> framework <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Federal GLONASS MissionOriented Program, has launched <strong>the</strong> project for <strong>the</strong> GLONASS augmentation systemdevelopment. The main objectives <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> system are:• GNSS integrity monitoring service for civil users; and• Real-time sub-meter positioning accuracy.110. The system architecture consists <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> following components:• Monitoring station network on <strong>the</strong> Russian territory receiving <strong>the</strong> GNSS signals, mainlyplaced with <strong>the</strong> existing geodesy sites including IGS and SLR stations;• Data acquisition system based on <strong>the</strong> existing telecommunication network withmodification to ensure <strong>the</strong> necessary level <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> data protection, data delivery delay andreliability;• Two hot redundant data processing centres dedicated for data pre-processing, preciseorbit and time correction determination in real time mode, integrity informationgeneration;• An analysis centre for a deep, posterior analysis <strong>of</strong> GNSS ephemeris, time and integritydata; and24
• The network <strong>of</strong> upload stations to upload ephemeris/time corrections and integrityinformation on-board <strong>of</strong> GLONASS-K satellites directly.111. The analysis centre also serves as an interface to <strong>the</strong> global IGS network whose datacould be involved into processing to generate precise orbits, clock and integrity information.112. Few options are under consideration for data delivery to users. The main option is databroadcasting in <strong>the</strong> third civil GLONASS signal at <strong>the</strong> L3 GLONASS frequency band. Thesecond option is to use <strong>the</strong> SISNET technique based on mobile Internet service. TV and FMchannels are also under evaluation.113. This augmentation system according to <strong>the</strong> requirements is under <strong>the</strong> civil operatorcontrol and fully independent from <strong>the</strong> GLONASS control segment. The augmentation systemoperator shall be fully in charge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> service provision, including legal and financial obligations.International co-operation114. GLONASS, as a dual-use system under interagency board control, is opened forinternational co-operation. The negotiations with <strong>the</strong> European Union (EU), <strong>the</strong> European SpaceAgency (ESA), <strong>the</strong> United States, India, China and o<strong>the</strong>r countries are under way. The objectives<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> international co-operation are:• Develop GLONASS, GPS, GALILEO and <strong>the</strong>ir augmentations in such a way to havecompatible, complementary and interoperable systems;• Benefit users by reliable, accurate and highly available navigation service; and• Beneficial use <strong>of</strong> satellite navigation services in world market.3. GALILEOEuropean satellite navigation policy115. The European Union considers that satellite navigation will become <strong>the</strong> primary means <strong>of</strong>navigation for civilian users worldwide in <strong>the</strong> future. Satellite navigation, positioning and timingwill become an integral part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Trans European Network covering transport, energy andtelecommunication links. In addition to general users, many safety-critical services in transportand o<strong>the</strong>r areas <strong>of</strong> economy will increasingly depend on satellite navigation services. Hence <strong>the</strong>decision by <strong>the</strong> EU and <strong>the</strong> ESA to jointly develop GALILEO.116. Transport needs are a major factor behind <strong>the</strong> European satellite navigation policy. TheEuropean Commission White Paper on transport policy has highlighted <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong>decoupling economic growth from transport needs to meet <strong>the</strong> goal <strong>of</strong> sustainable development.This goal can be achieved by shifting <strong>the</strong> balance to transport modes, which are moreenvironmentally friendly (particularly rail and maritime), eliminating bottlenecks and by placingusers at <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> transport policy. As a result, <strong>the</strong> GALILEO satellite navigation system isforeseen as an instrument to reach <strong>the</strong>se goals.117. Rational use <strong>of</strong> space-based and terrestrial navigation aids is one way to enhancetransport safety while keeping costs under control. The European Commission (EC) promotes aco-ordinated policy at <strong>the</strong> European level to efficiently use <strong>the</strong>se facilities across all modes <strong>of</strong>25
Page 1 and 2: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
Page 3 and 4: This document has not been formally
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
Page 7 and 8: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
Page 9 and 10: Product4. The product of</s
Page 11 and 12: II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
Page 13 and 14: virtually every facet of</s
Page 15 and 16: 27. Time and frequency disseminatio
Page 17 and 18: Service Availability Standard39. Th
Page 19 and 20: Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
Page 21 and 22: 50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
Page 23 and 24: Service Availability Standard62. Th
Page 25 and 26: 71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
Page 27 and 28: the Board, mainly
Page 29: • Vertical :• Velocity:• User
Page 33 and 34: 126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 35 and 36: • The Search and Rescue Service (
Page 37 and 38: invitation to tender to this effect
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82:
Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84:
• University of
Page 85 and 86:
V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
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Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90:
include Special Implementation Proj
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VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
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465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96:
• Theory and practice of<
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D. GNSS training opportunities <str
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VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102:
Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
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appropriate national security reaso
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VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
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for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
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• Develop the sk
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Recommendation 2. The development <
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583. The need to develop th
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589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
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Annex I: Indian universities, resea
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University/researchinstitute/compan
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Annex III: Italian universities and
Page 123 and 124:
Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 125 and 126:
Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128:
APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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