report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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78. In continuation <strong>of</strong> practical implementation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> authority decisions, <strong>the</strong> FederalGLONASS Mission Oriented Program was approved by <strong>the</strong> Government in August 2001(Governmental Decision 587, 20 August 2001). The Program guarantees <strong>the</strong> GLONASS Statefunding for 10 years, from 2002 to 2011. The budget for <strong>the</strong> Program has been allocated to beannually adjusted.79. There are six State Customers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Program: <strong>the</strong> Russian Federal Space Agency (FSA) ,<strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong> Defense (MOD), <strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong> Industry (MOI), <strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong> Transport(MOT), <strong>the</strong> Ministry <strong>of</strong> Science and Education (MOSE) and <strong>the</strong> Federal Geodesy and MappingService (FGMS). The Federal Space Agency is <strong>the</strong> general co-ordinator <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Programimplementation. Each Agency or Ministry is responsible for <strong>the</strong>ir subprogram with speciallydefined goals.80. The Program covers <strong>the</strong> following directions and subprograms:• The GLONASS system maintenance, modernisation, deployment, operation and relatedresearch & development activities (Federal Space Agency and MOD responsibility);• Navigation receiver and user equipment development for civil use, industry preparationfor mass production <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GNSS equipment (Ministry <strong>of</strong> Industry responsibility);• GNSS equipment and technology implementation for transport (aviation, maritime, railroad,land transport, cars and trucks) - (MOT responsibility);• GNSS technology applications for geodetic provision <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Russian territory.Modernisation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> geodetic system (RMGS responsibility); and• GNSS receiver and user equipment development for special use (military and specialforces) - (MOD responsibility).81. The main features <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Federal GLONASS Mission Oriented Program are:• This is <strong>the</strong> first case in <strong>the</strong> Russian (and Soviet) history when a single space mission, tobe fur<strong>the</strong>r developed, modernised and sustained, is in <strong>the</strong> framework <strong>of</strong> a speciallydedicated federal program;• The program covers all segments: space, ground control and user ensuringcomprehensive and co-ordinated development;• GLONASS system financing is clearly presented in <strong>the</strong> State budget Law withgovernmental obligations for 10 years. Co-ordinator <strong>of</strong> all activities in <strong>the</strong> framework <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> GLONASS Program at <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> writing this <strong>report</strong> is <strong>the</strong> civil institution FederalSpace Agency. The State budget money dedicated for GLONASS flows through <strong>the</strong>Federal Space Agency and Ministry <strong>of</strong> Defense in about equal shares.82. The GLONASS Co-ordination Board was established in 2002 including all Program StateCustomers with a Federal Space Agency representative as a chair. To implement <strong>the</strong> permanentwork for Program co-ordination and to co-ordinate activities to implement <strong>the</strong> strategy defined by<strong>the</strong> Co-ordination Board, <strong>the</strong> Executive Committee has been established including representatives<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Customers, leading research institutes and industry.83. Since this event happened, <strong>the</strong> GLONASS system has become a real dual-use system, notrestricted to military activities only. The strategy for development <strong>of</strong> GLONASS is generated by20
<strong>the</strong> Board, mainly civil institutions. The Ministry <strong>of</strong> Defense has been assigned for <strong>the</strong> operationand maintenance <strong>of</strong> GLONASS.GLONASS overview84. Some web sites related to <strong>the</strong> subject are indicated below:• General GLONASS information (Ministry <strong>of</strong> Defense, Russian Federation Co-ordinationScientific Information Center):www.glonass-center.ru (Russian and English)• GNSS Performance and Application (Federal Space Agency, Central Research Institute,Mission Control Center, Information Analytical Center):www.mcc.rsa.ru/main_iac.htm or www.mcc.rsa.ru (Russian and English)• GNSS Application and User Equipment (Federal Space Agency, Russian Institute <strong>of</strong>Space Device Engineering, Multifunctional Navigation Information Center):www.mnicrisde.ru (Russian, under development)• GLONASS Satellite Data (Federal Space Agency, Scientific Industry Co-operation <strong>of</strong>Applied Mechanics):www.npopm.ru (Russian)85. The user equipment performs passive measurements <strong>of</strong> pseudoranges and pseudorangerate <strong>of</strong> four (three) GLONASS satellites. It also receives and processes navigation messagescontained within navigation signals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> satellites. The navigation message describes position <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> satellites both in space and time. Combined processing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> measurements and <strong>the</strong>navigation messages <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four (three) GLONASS satellites allows user to determine three (two)position co-ordinates, three (two) velocity vector constituents, and to refer user time scale to <strong>the</strong>National Reference <strong>of</strong> Coordinated Universal Time UTC (SU). The navigation message includes<strong>the</strong> data that allows for planning observations, selecting and tracking <strong>the</strong> necessary constellation<strong>of</strong> satellites.86. The GLONASS system consists <strong>of</strong> space and ground control segments and user segmentas well. The space segment includes <strong>the</strong> constellation <strong>of</strong> 24 satellites in three orbital planes by 8satellites in each, and evenly distributed, along <strong>the</strong> orbit and launch. The orbit parameters:• Height 19100 km;• Inclination 64.8°; and• Orbit type circular with revolution <strong>of</strong> 11h 15m.87. Three planes are shifted at equator plane by 120°. An interval <strong>of</strong> repetition for satellitetracks and visibility zones as observed on <strong>the</strong> ground is equal to 17 orbital periods (7 days, 23hours 27 minutes 28 seconds).88. Such orbit parameters ensure <strong>the</strong> high stability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> constellation, making unnecessary<strong>the</strong> orbit correction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GLONASS satellite during its lifetime. GLONASS satellites have beendesigned for 3 and half years lifetime. Actual mean <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lifetime for GLONASS is about 4.5years.89. The ground control segment includes:• The GLONASS system control centre located in Krasnoznamensk Space Center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Space Forces (Moscow region);21
Page 1 and 2: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
Page 3 and 4: This document has not been formally
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
Page 7 and 8: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
Page 9 and 10: Product4. The product of</s
Page 11 and 12: II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
Page 13 and 14: virtually every facet of</s
Page 15 and 16: 27. Time and frequency disseminatio
Page 17 and 18: Service Availability Standard39. Th
Page 19 and 20: Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
Page 21 and 22: 50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
Page 23 and 24: Service Availability Standard62. Th
Page 25: 71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
Page 29 and 30: • Vertical :• Velocity:• User
Page 31 and 32: • The network of
Page 33 and 34: 126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 35 and 36: • The Search and Rescue Service (
Page 37 and 38: invitation to tender to this effect
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
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all mapping-related works in <stron
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monitoring, national reference <str
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Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
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• University of
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V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
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Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
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include Special Implementation Proj
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VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
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465. Many other GN
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• Theory and practice of<
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D. GNSS training opportunities <str
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VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
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Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
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appropriate national security reaso
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VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
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for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
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• Develop the sk
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Recommendation 2. The development <
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583. The need to develop th
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589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
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Annex I: Indian universities, resea
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University/researchinstitute/compan
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Annex III: Italian universities and
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128:
APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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