report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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• Develop measures to prevent <strong>the</strong> hostile use <strong>of</strong> GPS and its augmentations to ensure that<strong>the</strong> United States retains a military advantage without unduly disrupting or degradingcivilian uses.13. The Department <strong>of</strong> Transportation will:• Serve as <strong>the</strong> lead agency within <strong>the</strong> United States Government for all Federal civil GPSmatters;• Develop and implement United States Government augmentations to <strong>the</strong> basic GPS fortransportation applications;• Take <strong>the</strong> lead in promoting commercial applications <strong>of</strong> GPS technologies and <strong>the</strong>acceptance <strong>of</strong> GPS and United States Government augmentations as standards indomestic and international transportation systems, in co-operation with <strong>the</strong> Departments<strong>of</strong> Commerce, Defense and State; and• Co-ordinate United States Government-provided GPS civil augmentation systems tominimise cost and duplication <strong>of</strong> effort, in co-operation with o<strong>the</strong>r departments andagencies.14. The Department <strong>of</strong> State will:• Consult with foreign governments and o<strong>the</strong>r international organizations to assess <strong>the</strong>feasibility <strong>of</strong> developing bilateral or multilateral guidelines on <strong>the</strong> provision and use <strong>of</strong>GPS services, in co-operation with appropriate departments and agencies;• Co-ordinate <strong>the</strong> interagency review <strong>of</strong> instructions to United States delegations tobilateral consultations and multilateral conferences related to <strong>the</strong> planning, operation,management, use <strong>of</strong> GPS and related augmentation systems; and• Co-ordinate <strong>the</strong> interagency review <strong>of</strong> international agreements with foreign governmentsand international organizations concerning international use <strong>of</strong> GPS and relatedaugmentation systems.Reporting requirements15. Beginning in 2000, <strong>the</strong> President was to make an annual determination on continued use<strong>of</strong> GPS Selective Availability (SA). To support this determination, <strong>the</strong> Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense, inco-operation with <strong>the</strong> Secretary <strong>of</strong> Transportation, <strong>the</strong> Director <strong>of</strong> Central Intelligence, and heads<strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r appropriate departments and agencies, shall provide an assessment and recommendationon continued SA use. This recommendation shall be provided to <strong>the</strong> President through <strong>the</strong>Assistant to <strong>the</strong> President for National Security Affairs and <strong>the</strong> Assistant to <strong>the</strong> President forScience and Technology.16. The President has approved a comprehensive national policy on <strong>the</strong> future managementand use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States Global Positioning System (GPS) and related United StatesGovernment augmentations. The Global Positioning System (GPS) was designed as a dual-usesystem with <strong>the</strong> primary purpose <strong>of</strong> enhancing <strong>the</strong> effectiveness <strong>of</strong> United States and alliedmilitary forces to provide position, navigation and timing services to both civil and military users.17. In 1983, <strong>the</strong> United States made a policy decision to provide GPS civil service on anopen basis, free <strong>of</strong> direct user charges. This policy decision was fur<strong>the</strong>r documented in a 1996Presidential Decision Directive that also set up <strong>the</strong> Interagency GPS Executive Board to manage<strong>the</strong> system. GPS provides a substantial military advantage and is now being integrated into6
virtually every facet <strong>of</strong> United States military operations. GPS is also rapidly becoming anintegral component <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> emerging Global Information Infrastructure, with applications rangingfrom mapping and surveying to international air traffic management and global change research.18. The growing demand from military, civil, commercial and scientific users has generated aUnited States commercial GPS equipment and service industry that lead in several countriesaround <strong>the</strong> world. Augmentations to enhance basic GPS services could fur<strong>the</strong>r expand <strong>the</strong>se civiland commercial markets. In May 2000, in accordance with <strong>the</strong> policy stated in <strong>the</strong> PresidentialDecision Directive, Selective Availability, <strong>the</strong> intentional degradation <strong>of</strong> GPS civil services wasset to zero. Since that time, GPS users frequently see accuracy readings in <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> ten metersor better.19. The “basic GPS” is defined as:• The constellation <strong>of</strong> satellites, <strong>the</strong> navigation payloads that produce <strong>the</strong> GPS signals,ground stations, data links and associated command and control facilities which areoperated and maintained by <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Defense;• The “Standard Positioning Service” (SPS) is <strong>the</strong> civil and commercial service providedby <strong>the</strong> basic GPS; and• The “Augmentations” as those systems based on <strong>the</strong> GPS that provide integrity and realtimeaccuracy greater than <strong>the</strong> SPS.20. This policy presents a strategic vision for <strong>the</strong> future management and use <strong>of</strong> GPS,addressing a broad range <strong>of</strong> military, civil, commercial and scientific interests, both national andinternational.21. Some web sites related to <strong>the</strong> subject are indicated below:• Global Climate Observing System (GCOS):http://www.wmo.ch/web/gcos/gcoshome.html• Global Positioning System (JPL):http://samadhi.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/Programs/gps.html• Global Positioning System Product Team (FAA):http://gps.faa.gov/• Interagency GPS Executive Board:http://www.wmo.ch/web/gcos/gcoshome.html• International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA):http://www.iiasa.ac.at/• NASA GPS Application Exchange:http://gpshome.ssc.nasa.gov/• Navstar Global Positioning System Joint Program Officehttp://gps.losangeles.af.mil/• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA):http://www.nasa.gov/home.html• National Geodetic Surveyhttp://www.ngs.noaa.gov/• Office for Outer Space Affairs, United Nations Office at Vienna:http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/index.html7
Page 1 and 2: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
Page 3 and 4: This document has not been formally
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
Page 7 and 8: REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
Page 9 and 10: Product4. The product of</s
Page 11: II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
Page 15 and 16: 27. Time and frequency disseminatio
Page 17 and 18: Service Availability Standard39. Th
Page 19 and 20: Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
Page 21 and 22: 50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
Page 23 and 24: Service Availability Standard62. Th
Page 25 and 26: 71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
Page 27 and 28: the Board, mainly
Page 29 and 30: • Vertical :• Velocity:• User
Page 31 and 32: • The network of
Page 33 and 34: 126. The EU and ESA have concluded
Page 35 and 36: • The Search and Rescue Service (
Page 37 and 38: invitation to tender to this effect
Page 39 and 40: 2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
Page 41 and 42: 183. Three phases have been identif
Page 43 and 44: an air navigation service dedicated
Page 45 and 46: • Aviation: a representative desi
Page 47 and 48: 222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
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317. Agricultural applications incl
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326. The regional activity in <stro
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GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
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356. Other activit
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with respect to the</strong
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379. Argentina has at present a “
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Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
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all mapping-related works in <stron
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monitoring, national reference <str
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Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
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• University of
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V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
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Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
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include Special Implementation Proj
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VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
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465. Many other GN
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• Theory and practice of<
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D. GNSS training opportunities <str
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VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
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Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
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appropriate national security reaso
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VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
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for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
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• Develop the sk
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Recommendation 2. The development <
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583. The need to develop th
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589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
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Annex I: Indian universities, resea
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University/researchinstitute/compan
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Annex III: Italian universities and
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
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APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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